An airplane in flight is subject to an air resistance force proportional to the square of its speed v. But there is an additional resistive force because the airplane has wings. Air flowing over the wings is pushed down and slightly forward, so from Newton’s third law the air exerts a force on the wings and airplane that is up and slightly backward. The upward force is the lift force that keeps the airplane aloft, and the backward force is called induced drag. At flying speeds, induced drag is inversely proportional to v 2 , so that the total air resistance force can be expressed by Fair = av2 + b/v2 where a and b are positive constants that depend on the shape and size of the airplane and the density of the air. For a Cessna 150, a small single-engine airplane, a = 0.30 N.s2 /m2 and b = 3.5×105 N.m2 /s 2 . In steady flight, the engine must provide a forward force that exactly balances the air resistance force. 1. Calculate the speed (in km/h) at which this airplane will have the maximum range (that is, travel the greatest distance) for a given quantity of fuel. 2. Calculate the speed (in km/h) for which the airplane will have the maximum endurance (that is, remain in the air the longest time).
An airplane in flight is subject to an air resistance force proportional to the square of its speed v. But there is an additional resistive force because the airplane has wings. Air flowing over the wings is pushed down and slightly forward, so from Newton’s third law the air exerts a force on the wings and airplane that is up and slightly backward. The upward force is the lift force that keeps the airplane aloft, and the backward force is called induced drag. At flying speeds, induced drag is inversely proportional to v 2 , so that the total air resistance force can be expressed by Fair = av2 + b/v2 where a and b are positive constants that depend on the shape and size of the airplane and the density of the air. For a Cessna 150, a small single-engine airplane, a = 0.30 N.s2 /m2 and b = 3.5×105 N.m2 /s 2 . In steady flight, the engine must provide a forward force that exactly balances the air resistance force. 1. Calculate the speed (in km/h) at which this airplane will have the maximum range (that is, travel the greatest distance) for a given quantity of fuel. 2. Calculate the speed (in km/h) for which the airplane will have the maximum endurance (that is, remain in the air the longest time).
An airplane in flight is subject to an air resistance force proportional to the square of its speed v. But there is an additional resistive force because the airplane has wings. Air flowing over the wings is pushed down and slightly forward, so from Newton’s third law the air exerts a force on the wings and airplane that is up and slightly backward. The upward force is the lift force that keeps the airplane aloft, and the backward force is called induced drag. At flying speeds, induced drag is inversely proportional to v 2 , so that the total air resistance force can be expressed by Fair = av2 + b/v2 where a and b are positive constants that depend on the shape and size of the airplane and the density of the air. For a Cessna 150, a small single-engine airplane, a = 0.30 N.s2 /m2 and b = 3.5×105 N.m2 /s 2 . In steady flight, the engine must provide a forward force that exactly balances the air resistance force. 1. Calculate the speed (in km/h) at which this airplane will have the maximum range (that is, travel the greatest distance) for a given quantity of fuel. 2. Calculate the speed (in km/h) for which the airplane will have the maximum endurance (that is, remain in the air the longest time).
An airplane in flight is subject to an air resistance force proportional to the
square of its speed v. But there is an additional resistive force because the
airplane has wings. Air flowing over the wings is pushed down and slightly
forward, so from Newton’s third law the air exerts a force on the wings and
airplane that is up and slightly backward. The upward force is the lift force
that keeps the airplane aloft, and the backward force is called induced drag. At
flying speeds, induced drag is inversely proportional to v
2
, so that the total air
resistance force can be expressed by
Fair = av2 + b/v2
where a and b are positive constants that depend on the shape and size of
the airplane and the density of the air.
For a Cessna 150, a small single-engine airplane, a = 0.30 N.s2
/m2 and
b = 3.5×105 N.m2
/s
2
. In steady flight, the engine must provide a forward force
that exactly balances the air resistance force.
1. Calculate the speed (in km/h) at which this airplane will have the maximum range (that is, travel the greatest distance) for a given quantity of
fuel.
2. Calculate the speed (in km/h) for which the airplane will have the maximum endurance (that is, remain in the air the longest time).
Definition Definition Fundamental law of forces which states: “For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction." In other words, whenever one body exerts a force on a second body, the second body exerts an oppositely directed force of equal magnitude on the first body. It is also called the “action-reaction law” and was defined by Sir Isaac Newton.
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