Ammonium perchlorate (NH4ClO4) is a solid rocket fuel that was used in space shuttles. When heated at 200oC, it decomposes to a variety of gases, with the most important being N2(g), Cl2(g), O2(g), and H2O (g). Write a balanced chemical equation for the decomposition of NH4ClO4, assuming that only the products listed above are generated. The sudden appearance of hot gaseous products in a small initial volume leads to a rapid increase in pressure and temperature, which give the rockets its thrust. What total pressure of gas would be produced at 800 oC by igniting 7.00x105 kg of NH4ClO4 and allowing it to expand to a volume of 6.4x106L? (assume ideal gas behavior). Calculate the molar fraction of Cl2 and its partial pressure.
Ideal and Real Gases
Ideal gases obey conditions of the general gas laws under all states of pressure and temperature. Ideal gases are also named perfect gases. The attributes of ideal gases are as follows,
Gas Laws
Gas laws describe the ways in which volume, temperature, pressure, and other conditions correlate when matter is in a gaseous state. The very first observations about the physical properties of gases was made by Robert Boyle in 1662. Later discoveries were made by Charles, Gay-Lussac, Avogadro, and others. Eventually, these observations were combined to produce the ideal gas law.
Gaseous State
It is well known that matter exists in different forms in our surroundings. There are five known states of matter, such as solids, gases, liquids, plasma and Bose-Einstein condensate. The last two are known newly in the recent days. Thus, the detailed forms of matter studied are solids, gases and liquids. The best example of a substance that is present in different states is water. It is solid ice, gaseous vapor or steam and liquid water depending on the temperature and pressure conditions. This is due to the difference in the intermolecular forces and distances. The occurrence of three different phases is due to the difference in the two major forces, the force which tends to tightly hold molecules i.e., forces of attraction and the disruptive forces obtained from the thermal energy of molecules.
Ammonium perchlorate (NH4ClO4) is a solid rocket fuel that was used in space shuttles. When heated at 200oC, it decomposes to a variety of gases, with the most important being N2(g), Cl2(g), O2(g), and H2O (g).
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- Write a balanced chemical equation for the decomposition of NH4ClO4, assuming that only the products listed above are generated.
- The sudden appearance of hot gaseous products in a small initial volume leads to a rapid increase in pressure and temperature, which give the rockets its thrust. What total pressure of gas would be produced at 800 oC by igniting 7.00x105 kg of NH4ClO4 and allowing it to expand to a volume of 6.4x106L? (assume ideal gas behavior).
- Calculate the molar fraction of Cl2 and its partial pressure.
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