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Abstract Bifenthrin, a pyrethroid insecticide, is known to cause mortality to non-target invertebrate species, such as Hyalella Azteca, inhabiting contaminated aquatic environments. Avoidance of contaminated areas could be an important endpoint for evaluating ecological effects of contamination. In this experiment, a group of H. azteca is monitored for avoidance of bifenthrin at various concentrations in sediment for a set amount of time. Experimental treatments revealed H. azteca were indeed capable of detecting and actively avoiding bifenthrin- contaminated sediments. The average number of individual H. azteca that burrowed within the control sediment replicates included with each experimental group was different than the average number of individual H. azteca that borrowed in any of the bifenthrin-contaminated sediments. The lack of overlapping standard deviations between any of the control and experimental treatments supports the conclusion that H. azteca were capable

Abstract Bifenthrin, a pyrethroid insecticide, is known to cause mortality to non-target invertebrate species, such as Hyalella Azteca, inhabiting contaminated aquatic environments. Avoidance of contaminated areas could be an important endpoint for evaluating ecological effects of contamination. In this experiment, a group of H. azteca is monitored for avoidance of bifenthrin at various concentrations in sediment for a set amount of time. Experimental treatments revealed H. azteca were indeed capable of detecting and actively avoiding bifenthrin- contaminated sediments. The average number of individual H. azteca that burrowed within the control sediment replicates included with each experimental group was different than the average number of individual H. azteca that borrowed in any of the bifenthrin-contaminated sediments. The lack of overlapping standard deviations between any of the control and experimental treatments supports the conclusion that H. azteca were capable

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
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Abstract Bifenthrin, a pyrethroid insecticide, is known to cause mortality to non-target invertebrate species, such as Hyalella Azteca, inhabiting contaminated aquatic environments. Avoidance of contaminated areas could be an important endpoint for evaluating ecological effects of contamination. In this experiment, a group of H. azteca is monitored for avoidance of bifenthrin at various concentrations in sediment for a set amount of time. Experimental treatments revealed H. azteca were indeed capable of detecting and actively avoiding bifenthrin- contaminated sediments. The average number of individual H. azteca that burrowed within the control sediment replicates included with each experimental group was different than the average number of individual H. azteca that borrowed in any of the bifenthrin-contaminated sediments. The lack of overlapping standard deviations between any of the control and experimental treatments supports the conclusion that H. azteca were capable of detecting and actively avoiding bifenthrin present in sediment at concentrations as low as 0.5 times the bifenthrin concentration that causes fifty percent mortality in the population (LC50). This would suggest that when sampling field populations of invertebrates in contaminated aquatic environments, absence of invertebrate populations may not be a result of death but reflect a migration of the populations to areas absent of contamination.The results of this study prove the hypothesis that bifenthrin can cause alterations of invertebrate population dynamics without causing mortality. As environmental regulations governing the pyrethroid contamination in aquatic environments are based on lethal concentrations, these results suggest these regulatory benchmarks may not be protective of aquatic environments, as sublethal effects occur at concentrations well below those expected to cause mortality.
Transcribed Image Text:Abstract Bifenthrin, a pyrethroid insecticide, is known to cause mortality to non-target invertebrate species, such as Hyalella Azteca, inhabiting contaminated aquatic environments. Avoidance of contaminated areas could be an important endpoint for evaluating ecological effects of contamination. In this experiment, a group of H. azteca is monitored for avoidance of bifenthrin at various concentrations in sediment for a set amount of time. Experimental treatments revealed H. azteca were indeed capable of detecting and actively avoiding bifenthrin- contaminated sediments. The average number of individual H. azteca that burrowed within the control sediment replicates included with each experimental group was different than the average number of individual H. azteca that borrowed in any of the bifenthrin-contaminated sediments. The lack of overlapping standard deviations between any of the control and experimental treatments supports the conclusion that H. azteca were capable of detecting and actively avoiding bifenthrin present in sediment at concentrations as low as 0.5 times the bifenthrin concentration that causes fifty percent mortality in the population (LC50). This would suggest that when sampling field populations of invertebrates in contaminated aquatic environments, absence of invertebrate populations may not be a result of death but reflect a migration of the populations to areas absent of contamination.The results of this study prove the hypothesis that bifenthrin can cause alterations of invertebrate population dynamics without causing mortality. As environmental regulations governing the pyrethroid contamination in aquatic environments are based on lethal concentrations, these results suggest these regulatory benchmarks may not be protective of aquatic environments, as sublethal effects occur at concentrations well below those expected to cause mortality.
Results Table 1: Data collected from an experiment using Hyalella azteca Bifenthrin Conc. # Burrowed (Experimental) # Burrowed (Control) 0.26 1.3 (0.58) 9.0 (1.0) 8.3 (1.5) 9.0 (1.0) 0.52 2.0 (1.0) 1.3 2.3 (2.1) 2.6 2.7 (1.2) 9.0 (1.0) Figure 1: Average number of Hyalella azteca that burrowed within control and bifenthrin contaminated LaRue-Pine Hills (LPH, 1.93% organic carbon) over a two-minute observation period. Error bars represent ± one standard deviation (n=3). Hyalella Burrowing Behavior 10 8 OControl OBifenthrin 0.26 0.52 1.3 2.6 Bifenthrin Concentration (µg/g OC)
Transcribed Image Text:Results Table 1: Data collected from an experiment using Hyalella azteca Bifenthrin Conc. # Burrowed (Experimental) # Burrowed (Control) 0.26 1.3 (0.58) 9.0 (1.0) 8.3 (1.5) 9.0 (1.0) 0.52 2.0 (1.0) 1.3 2.3 (2.1) 2.6 2.7 (1.2) 9.0 (1.0) Figure 1: Average number of Hyalella azteca that burrowed within control and bifenthrin contaminated LaRue-Pine Hills (LPH, 1.93% organic carbon) over a two-minute observation period. Error bars represent ± one standard deviation (n=3). Hyalella Burrowing Behavior 10 8 OControl OBifenthrin 0.26 0.52 1.3 2.6 Bifenthrin Concentration (µg/g OC)
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