**Table: Flow Rate and Required Pump Head**| Q [ft³/s] | Q [gpm] | Hpump, required [ft] ||-----------|------------|-------------------------------|| 0.025 | 11.22075 | 101.29 || 0.05 | 22.44150 | 105.16 || 0.1 | 44.88300 | 120.63 || 0.2 | 89.76600 | 182.53 || 0.5 | 224.41500 | 615.82 |**Questions:**a.) What is the system characterization?b.) What is the total head loss available in your system?c.) How and why does the needed pump power change by changing the flow rates?d.) What are the recommendations for decreasing head loss in the system?**Explanation:**The table presents a comparison between volumetric flow rates in cubic feet per second (ft³/s) and gallons per minute (gpm), and the corresponding required pump head in feet (ft). As the flow rate increases, the required pump head also increases, indicating the relationship between flow rate and pump power requirements in a fluid system. **Pump System Design and Analysis**In this educational module, we explore the design of a pump system aimed at transferring water through a pipeline. The objective is to pump water across a 400-foot length using a 2-inch diameter pipe that connects two large reservoirs.### System ComponentsThe system incorporates various types of fittings, including:- Sharp inlet- Open globe valve- 12-inch bend radius- 90-degree elbow- Half-open gate valve- Sharp exit### ObjectiveThe aim is to calculate the head loss and required pump power (in horsepower, hp) for different flow rates: 11.22, 22.44, 45, 90, and 224.4 gallons per minute (gpm).### Graph ExplanationThe graph illustrates the relationship between flow rate (x-axis, in gpm) and pump head required (y-axis, in feet). The data points plot the head required at each specified flow rate:- As the flow rate increases, the required pump head decreases.- The trend line suggests a negative correlation between flow rate and pump head, with the equation \( Y = -0.0064X^2 + 0.9944X - 50.852 \) and a correlation coefficient \( R^2 = 1 \), implying a perfect quadratic fit.### Schematic DiagramThe diagram on the right depicts the pump setup connecting two reservoirs:1. **Reservoir 1**: - Situated 20 feet above the sharp entrance. - Water flows through the open globe valve to the pump.2. **Pump**: - Pumps water through the system following the specified pipeline layout.3. **Pipeline**: - Includes a screwed regular 90-degree elbow, a 12-inch bend radius, and traverses through a half-open gate valve before reaching the sharp exit.4. **Reservoir 2**: - Positioned 120 feet below. - Receives water exiting sharply from the pipeline.Understanding the dynamics of this system provides insights into the technical calculations necessary for optimizing pump performance and efficiency in various engineering applications.

a.) What is the system characterization? b.) What is the total head loss available in your system? c.) How and why the needed pump power change by changing the flowrates? d.) What are the recommendations for decreasing head loss in the system?

a.) What is the system characterization? b.) What is the total head loss available in your system? c.) How and why the needed pump power change by changing the flowrates? d.) What are the recommendations for decreasing head loss in the system?

Structural Analysis

6th Edition

ISBN:9781337630931

Author:KASSIMALI, Aslam.

Publisher:KASSIMALI, Aslam.

Chapter2: Loads On Structures

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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