A. Several studies have shown that women with many children are less likely to get ovarian cancer. In a new study, data are collected from 25 women ages 40−49 with ovarian cancer. The mean parity (number of children) of these women is 1.8 with standard deviation 1.2. Suppose the mean number of children among women in the general population in this age group is 2.5. What test can be used to test the hypothesis that women with ovarian cancer have fewer children than women in the general population in the same age group? Perform the test in A1 using the critical-value method. What is the p-value based on the test in A1? What do you conclude from this study?

MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications
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ISBN:9781119256830
Author:Amos Gilat
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Chapter1: Starting With Matlab
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Answer A1, A2, and B1:

A. Several studies have shown that women with many children are less likely to get ovarian cancer. In a new study, data are collected from 25 women ages 40−49 with ovarian cancer. The mean parity (number of children) of these women is 1.8 with standard deviation 1.2. Suppose the mean number of children among women in the general population in this age group is 2.5.

    1. What test can be used to test the hypothesis that women with ovarian cancer have fewer children than women in the general population in the same age group?
    2. Perform the test in A1 using the critical-value method.
    3. What is the p-value based on the test in A1?
    4. What do you conclude from this study?

B. The mean serum-creatinine level measured in 12 patients 24 hours after they received a newly proposed antibiotic was 1.2 mg/dL.

    1. If the mean and standard deviation of serum creatinine in the general population are 1.0 and 0.4 mg/dL, respectively, then, using significance level of .05, test whether the mean serum-creatinine level in this group is different from that of the general population.
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