А. H. and CH3 CH3 В. and :0: С. and H3C H. H2C H. D. CH3CH,* and *CH2CH3 Which structures are resonance structures to each other? O pair A O pair B O pair C nair D :0:
Electronic Effects
The effect of electrons that are located in the chemical bonds within the atoms of the molecule is termed an electronic effect. The electronic effect is also explained as the effect through which the reactivity of the compound in one portion is controlled by the electron repulsion or attraction producing in another portion of the molecule.
Drawing Resonance Forms
In organic chemistry, resonance may be a mental exercise that illustrates the delocalization of electrons inside molecules within the valence bond theory of octet bonding. It entails creating several Lewis structures that, when combined, reflect the molecule's entire electronic structure. One Lewis diagram cannot explain the bonding (lone pair, double bond, octet) elaborately. A hybrid describes a combination of possible resonance structures that represents the entire delocalization of electrons within the molecule.
Using Molecular Structure To Predict Equilibrium
Equilibrium does not always imply an equal presence of reactants and products. This signifies that the reaction reaches a point when reactant and product quantities remain constant as the rate of forward and backward reaction is the same. Molecular structures of various compounds can help in predicting equilibrium.
![**Consider the pairs of structures shown.**
**A.**
- Structure 1: A molecule with a carbon atom bonded to a hydrogen, an oxygen (with a negative charge and three lone pairs), and a methyl group (CH₃).
- Structure 2: A molecule with a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen (with a negative charge and two lone pairs) and single-bonded to a hydrogen and a methyl group (CH₃).
**B.**
- Structure 1: A square shape representing a cyclobutane ring.
- Structure 2: A six-membered carbon ring with alternating double bonds, representing benzene.
**C.**
- Structure 1: A molecule with a carbon atom double-bonded to oxygen (with two lone pairs) and single-bonded to a hydrogen and a methyl group (CH₃).
- Structure 2: A molecule with a carbon atom double-bonded to oxygen (with two lone pairs) and single-bonded to two hydrogen atoms.
**D.**
- Structure 1: An ethyl cation (CH₃CH₂⁺) with a positive charge on the second carbon.
- Structure 2: An ethyl cation (+CH₂CH₃) with a positive charge on the first carbon.
**Which structures are resonance structures to each other?**
- ( ) pair A
- ( ) pair B
- ( ) pair C
- ( ) pair D](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F35077063-9b6a-4009-a17e-345cae9148ea%2F33871af8-816a-49b0-8a9f-883c6ac5f5ec%2Fbgx861_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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