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A woman's diet during pregnancy does not have transgenerational effects.
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- Describe the role of progesterone in pregnancy including what produces it during pregnancy, its role in labor and delivery and how it effects at least two other body systems/tissues during pregnancy.A study divides healthy females into two groups (A and B). Both groupsare composed of those who have been sexually active for at least 2 yearsand are not pregnant at the beginning of the experiment. The subjectsweigh about the same amount, and none smoke cigarettes, althoughsome drink alcohol occasionally. Group A individuals receive a placeboin the form of a sugar pill each morning of their menstrual cycles. GroupB individuals receive a pill containing estrogen and progesterone eachmorning of their menstrual cycles. Then plasma LH levels are measuredbefore, during, and after ovulation. The results are as follows:Group 4 Days BeforeOvulationDay ofOvulation4 Days AfterOvulationA 18 mg/100 mL 300 mg/100 mL 17 mg/100 mLB 21 mg/100 mL 157 mg/100 mL 15 mg/100 mLThe number of pregnancies in group A is 37/100 females/year. Thenumber of pregnancies in group B is 1.5/100 females/year. Whatconclusion can you reach on the basis of these data? Explain themechanism involved.Discuss the critical effects of estrogen and progesterone during pregnancy.
- Ken Doll isn't very smart. He and Barbie are not trying to have a baby. Ken is confused about a few details and asked his friend GI Joe why Barbie became pregnant. "Look, we did the deed on Monday and she didn't ovulate until Thursday. I should have been safe and my 'little swimmers' should have been out of there by then." How should GI Joe explain the necessary information to Ken?Why does continued breastfeeding decrease the chance of pregnancy? (Hint: Think about the effect the breastfeeding hormones have on estrogens and progesterone.)?Sherrise is a sexually active college student. OnSaturday night, she has unprotected sex with her boyfriend.On Tuesday morning, she experiences the twinge of midcyclepain that she typically feels when she is ovulating.This makes Sherrise extremely anxious that she might soonlearn she is pregnant. Is Sherrise’s concern valid? Why orwhy not?
- Hypothyroidism during pregnancy causes some defects in growing babies. State any two of them.Suppose that in the near future, you are a prenatal care provider. In the most recent ultrasound checkup on the expecting mother, you unfortunately found that the fetus is suffering a neural tube defect in the form of anencephaly. Seeing as the mother is still in the 12th week of pregnancy or the 1st trimester, the pregnancy can still be terminated via medical means. How would you explain to the parents the situation they are in?A variety of fertility tests are available for women to purchase overthe counter—for example, at drugstores. Because more women nowdelay their first pregnancy until they are older, these tests arebecoming more popular. Many of these tests incorporate antibodiesthat specifically react with hormones found in a woman’s urine.What specific hormones could be measured in these tests, and howmight these tests actually work?
- During the first trimester of pregnancy, many women feel anxious about ingesting the right amount of nutrients. True FalseSituation: Karen is a 30 year-old woman, 16 weeks pregnant, who comes for a first prenatal visit.She is conncerned because she did not realize she was pregnant until a week ago. Because of thhis she has been actively dieting (2 diet drinks plus one meal of vegetables daily) plus lifting weights at a health club. Karen wants her urine tested because “ I have to go alll the time”. She doesn't want any blood work done because Karen does not have any insurance. Karen has not had a pelvic examination since she was in senior high school, when she had a vaginal infection. Karen is single, lives by herself in one-bedroom. She is working at a laundry shop and her boyfriend is a salesman, out of town 5 days a week. Karen had her menarche at the age of 11; menstrual cycle every 28 days, 6 days duration with moderate flow and mild cramps. Past history positive for sinusitis and appendectomy at age 12 years. Smokes about ½ pack of cigarettes per day (“more when I’m stressed at work”); denies…Situation: Karen is a 30 year-old woman, 16 weeks pregnant, who comes for a first prenatal visit.She is conncerned because she did not realize she was pregnant until a week ago. Because of thhis she has been actively dieting (2 diet drinks plus one meal of vegetables daily) plus lifting weights at a health club. Karen wants her urine tested because “ I have to go alll the time”. She doesn't want any blood work done because Karen does not have any insurance. Karen has not had a pelvic examination since she was in senior high school, when she had a vaginal infection. Karen is single, lives by herself in one-bedroom. She is working at a laundry shop and her boyfriend is a salesman, out of town 5 days a week. Karen had her menarche at the age of 11; menstrual cycle every 28 days, 6 days duration with moderate flow and mild cramps. Past history positive for sinusitis and appendectomy at age 12 years. Smokes about ½ pack of cigarettes per day (“more when I’m stressed at work”); denies…