A woman without red-green colorblindness and with a normal chin, whose mother was colorblind, marries a cleft-chinned, non-colorblind man whose mother had a normal chin. Recall that red-green colorblindness is sex-linked recessive, but mid-chin fissure (cleft) is autosomal dominant. What are the expected phenotypic ratios of the children? Show your work.

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**Problem: Genetics of Colorblindness and Cleft Chin**

A woman without red-green colorblindness and with a normal chin, whose mother was colorblind, marries a cleft-chinned, non-colorblind man whose mother had a normal chin. Recall that red-green colorblindness is sex-linked recessive, but mid-chin fissure (cleft) is autosomal dominant. What are the expected phenotypic ratios of the children? Show your work.

**Background Information:**
- **Red-Green Colorblindness:** 
  - Inherited in a sex-linked recessive manner located on the X chromosome.
  - Males having one allele (XcY) express the trait due to only one X chromosome.
  - Females express the trait when homozygous recessive (XcXc).

- **Cleft Chin:**
  - An autosomal dominant trait.
  - Expressed in individuals with at least one dominant allele (C) for cleft chin (CC or Cc).

**Phenotypic Ratios Calculation:**

1. **Parental Genotypes:**
   - **Mother (woman):**  
     - Non-colorblind (XNXn) [since her mother was colorblind, she must be a carrier]
     - Normal chin (cc)

   - **Father (man):**  
     - Non-colorblind (XNY)
     - Cleft chin (Cc) [since his mother had a normal chin, he carries one recessive allele]

2. **Punnett Square Analysis:**

   **Colorblindness:**
   - Maternal alleles: XN, Xn
   - Paternal alleles: XN, Y
   - Offspring combinations: XNXN, XNXn, XNY, XnY

   **Chin Type:**
   - Maternal alleles: c, c
   - Paternal alleles: C, c
   - Offspring combinations: Cc, Cc, cc, cc

3. **Resulting Phenotypic Ratios:**

   - **Non-colorblind & Cleft Chin (Female):** XNXN Cc, XNXn Cc
   - **Non-colorblind & Normal Chin (Female):** XNXn cc
   - **Colorblind & Cleft Chin (Male):** XnY Cc
   - **Colorblind & Normal
Transcribed Image Text:**Problem: Genetics of Colorblindness and Cleft Chin** A woman without red-green colorblindness and with a normal chin, whose mother was colorblind, marries a cleft-chinned, non-colorblind man whose mother had a normal chin. Recall that red-green colorblindness is sex-linked recessive, but mid-chin fissure (cleft) is autosomal dominant. What are the expected phenotypic ratios of the children? Show your work. **Background Information:** - **Red-Green Colorblindness:** - Inherited in a sex-linked recessive manner located on the X chromosome. - Males having one allele (XcY) express the trait due to only one X chromosome. - Females express the trait when homozygous recessive (XcXc). - **Cleft Chin:** - An autosomal dominant trait. - Expressed in individuals with at least one dominant allele (C) for cleft chin (CC or Cc). **Phenotypic Ratios Calculation:** 1. **Parental Genotypes:** - **Mother (woman):** - Non-colorblind (XNXn) [since her mother was colorblind, she must be a carrier] - Normal chin (cc) - **Father (man):** - Non-colorblind (XNY) - Cleft chin (Cc) [since his mother had a normal chin, he carries one recessive allele] 2. **Punnett Square Analysis:** **Colorblindness:** - Maternal alleles: XN, Xn - Paternal alleles: XN, Y - Offspring combinations: XNXN, XNXn, XNY, XnY **Chin Type:** - Maternal alleles: c, c - Paternal alleles: C, c - Offspring combinations: Cc, Cc, cc, cc 3. **Resulting Phenotypic Ratios:** - **Non-colorblind & Cleft Chin (Female):** XNXN Cc, XNXn Cc - **Non-colorblind & Normal Chin (Female):** XNXn cc - **Colorblind & Cleft Chin (Male):** XnY Cc - **Colorblind & Normal
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