A woman reports to the emergency room in January with her cyanotic (blue-colored) 10- month-old child. The mother reports that the infant has had a runny nose, fever, and slight cough for a day and has had increasing trouble breathing . The child does not have a history of bronchial disease and was not premature. The mother also states that the infant’s five-year-old brother is recovering from symptoms that resemble a cold.   Were the parents irresponsible for not immunizing their child? Is it likely that the infant caught the disease from his older brother? If so, why did the oldest child not display signs of respiratory distress?

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Viral Infections

Viruses are abundantly found, minute entities that have genetic material enclosed within a protein coat. The proteinaceous material enclosing the genetic material of the virus is called a capsid. The genetic material could be either DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) or RNA (ribonucleic acid). A virus is too minute to be looked at with naked eyes and therefore visualized with the help of a microscope. They are acellular entities that require a host for processes, such as replication, transcription, translation and multiplication. Plants, animals, and bacteria act as host wherein the virus reproduce. Viruses cannot multiply outside the host's body and thus are considered nonliving outside the host body.