(a) Which ion is smaller, Co3+ or Co4+? (b) In a lithium-ionbattery that is discharging to power a device, for every Li+that inserts into the lithium cobalt oxide electrode, a Co4+ion must be reduced to a Co3+ ion to balance charge. Using the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics or other standardreference, find the ionic radii of Li+, Co3+, and Co4+. Orderthese ions from smallest to largest. (c) Will the lithium cobaltoxide cathode expand or contract as lithium ions areinserted? (d) Lithium is not nearly as abundant as sodium.If sodium ion batteries were developed that function in thesame manner as lithium ion batteries, do you think “sodiumcobalt oxide” would still work as the electrode material?Explain. (e) If you don’t think cobalt would work as the redox-active partner ion in the sodium version of the electrode,suggest an alternative metal ion and explain your reasoning.
(a) Which ion is smaller, Co3+ or Co4+? (b) In a lithium-ion
battery that is discharging to power a device, for every Li+
that inserts into the lithium cobalt oxide electrode, a Co4+
ion must be reduced to a Co3+ ion to balance charge. Using the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics or other standard
reference, find the ionic radii of Li+, Co3+, and Co4+. Order
these ions from smallest to largest. (c) Will the lithium cobalt
oxide cathode expand or contract as lithium ions are
inserted? (d) Lithium is not nearly as abundant as sodium.
If sodium ion batteries were developed that function in the
same manner as lithium ion batteries, do you think “sodium
cobalt oxide” would still work as the electrode material?
Explain. (e) If you don’t think cobalt would work as the redox-
active partner ion in the sodium version of the electrode,
suggest an alternative metal ion and explain your reasoning.
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