The standard addition method is used to determine the concentration of vitamin C in apple juice by polarography, a method that produces a current that is proportional to concentration. A 2.00 mL sample of apple juice is diluted to a total volume of 25.0 mL, which gives a current reading of 1.01 µA. This solution is then spiked with a 5.00 mL aliquot of a 262 mg/L solution of vitamin C, producing a reading of 2.27 HA. What is the concentration of vitamin C in the apple juice? Concentration of vitamin C (mg/L):

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Electrolysis

Electrolysis is defined as the process of breaking down ionic compounds into their constituent elements by passing a direct electric current through the compound in a fluid state. The cathode reduces cations, while the anode oxidizes anions. An electrolyte, electrodes, and some form of external power source are the main components required for conducting electrolysis. A partition, such as an ion-exchange membrane or a salt bridge, may also be used, but this is optional. These are primarily used to prevent the products from diffusing near the opposing electrode.