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A Venturi tube will be used to measure the flow speed in a river. The instrument is shown in the figure. V1, Patm V2, P2 The Venturi tube has a limit of operation. This limit regards to the fact that pressure p2 cannot drop too much below the atmospheric pressure because the water will boil. With a normal temperature (i.e. 20 °C), the water will evaporate with a pressure below 20340 [Pa] (while the atmospheric pressure is Patm 101000 Pa or 1010 hPa). Determine the maximum velocity v₁ which can be measure by a Venturi tube in which A₁/A2=2 (i.e. ratio of area at the entrance over the constriction). Help: Specify the atmospheric pressure as an absolute pressure of Patm-101000 Pa (i.e. do not use Patm=0) Note: The evaporation of water inside pipes with fast flows is a recurrent problem in hydraulics. This phenomenon is called cavitation.

A Venturi tube will be used to measure the flow speed in a river. The instrument is shown in the figure. V1, Patm V2, P2 The Venturi tube has a limit of operation. This limit regards to the fact that pressure p2 cannot drop too much below the atmospheric pressure because the water will boil. With a normal temperature (i.e. 20 °C), the water will evaporate with a pressure below 20340 [Pa] (while the atmospheric pressure is Patm 101000 Pa or 1010 hPa). Determine the maximum velocity v₁ which can be measure by a Venturi tube in which A₁/A2=2 (i.e. ratio of area at the entrance over the constriction). Help: Specify the atmospheric pressure as an absolute pressure of Patm-101000 Pa (i.e. do not use Patm=0) Note: The evaporation of water inside pipes with fast flows is a recurrent problem in hydraulics. This phenomenon is called cavitation.

Structural Analysis
Structural Analysis
6th Edition
ISBN:9781337630931
Author:KASSIMALI, Aslam.
Publisher:KASSIMALI, Aslam.
Chapter2: Loads On Structures
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1P
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**Using a Venturi Tube to Measure Flow Speed in a River** **Venturi Tube Overview:** A Venturi tube is a device used to measure the flow speed of a fluid by taking advantage of the relationship between pressure and velocity. This lesson will cover its application in a river setting. **Diagram Explanation:** The diagram illustrates the Venturi tube, which features a narrowed section that causes changes in flow speed: - **v₁, pₐₜₘ**: Represents the initial velocity and atmospheric pressure at the entrance of the tube. - **v₂, p₂**: Shows the velocity and pressure at the narrowest point of the tube. **Operating Limits:** The Venturi tube must operate within specific limits to prevent issues such as cavitation. At normal temperatures (20°C), water will vaporize if pressure drops below 20340 Pa, in contrast to the atmospheric pressure of 101000 Pa (or 1010 hPa). **Goal:** The objective is to determine the maximum velocity \( v₁ \) that can be measured by the Venturi tube when the area ratio \( \frac{A_1}{A_2} = 2 \). **Guidance:** Specify atmospheric pressure as an absolute value: \( p_{\text{atm}} = 101000 \) Pa. Do not assume \( p_{\text{atm}} = 0 \). **Note on Cavitation:** Fast flows can cause water to evaporate inside pipes, leading to cavitation—a significant issue in hydraulic systems. Understanding and anticipating these conditions are crucial for effective engineering solutions.
Transcribed Image Text:**Using a Venturi Tube to Measure Flow Speed in a River** **Venturi Tube Overview:** A Venturi tube is a device used to measure the flow speed of a fluid by taking advantage of the relationship between pressure and velocity. This lesson will cover its application in a river setting. **Diagram Explanation:** The diagram illustrates the Venturi tube, which features a narrowed section that causes changes in flow speed: - **v₁, pₐₜₘ**: Represents the initial velocity and atmospheric pressure at the entrance of the tube. - **v₂, p₂**: Shows the velocity and pressure at the narrowest point of the tube. **Operating Limits:** The Venturi tube must operate within specific limits to prevent issues such as cavitation. At normal temperatures (20°C), water will vaporize if pressure drops below 20340 Pa, in contrast to the atmospheric pressure of 101000 Pa (or 1010 hPa). **Goal:** The objective is to determine the maximum velocity \( v₁ \) that can be measured by the Venturi tube when the area ratio \( \frac{A_1}{A_2} = 2 \). **Guidance:** Specify atmospheric pressure as an absolute value: \( p_{\text{atm}} = 101000 \) Pa. Do not assume \( p_{\text{atm}} = 0 \). **Note on Cavitation:** Fast flows can cause water to evaporate inside pipes, leading to cavitation—a significant issue in hydraulic systems. Understanding and anticipating these conditions are crucial for effective engineering solutions.
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