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A В Asparagine D. Methionine A AG E G F

A В Asparagine D. Methionine A AG E G F

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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Label this figure of part of the Central Dogma. What part of the Central Dogma is being shown here?

### Translation and Protein Synthesis This image illustrates the process of translation and protein synthesis, involving various elements such as mRNA, ribosomes, tRNA, and amino acids. #### Description of Key Components: 1. **A. Ribosome:** - The ribosome is shown as a dotted spherical structure. It is the site where protein synthesis occurs. The ribosome facilitates the decoding of mRNA into a polypeptide chain. 2. **B. mRNA (messenger RNA):** - Represented as a long strand with nucleotide bases (A, U, G, C). The sequence in this example is AUG UUC AAA. mRNA carries the genetic information copied from DNA in the form of codons, three-nucleotide sequences that specify particular amino acids. 3. **C. tRNA (transfer RNA):** - tRNA molecules are illustrated as cloverleaf structures. These molecules transport specific amino acids to the ribosome, based on the codon sequence of the mRNA. Each tRNA has an anticodon that is complementary to the mRNA codon, ensuring the correct amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain. 4. **D. Amino Acid Methionine (Met):** - This tRNA is carrying methionine, the amino acid specified by the codon AUG, the start codon of mRNA. 5. **E. Amino Acid Asparagine:** - Another tRNA with an anticodon complementary to UUC on the mRNA. This tRNA is carrying asparagine. 6. **F. Polypeptide Chain:** - This is the growing chain of amino acids (here, starting with Methionine and Asparagine) linked together by peptide bonds during the process of translation. 7. **G. Ribosome:** - The site where tRNAs bring amino acids in accordance with the codon sequences of the mRNA to ensure the correct sequence of the polypeptide chain. #### Detailed Process Overview: 1. **Initiation:** - Translation begins when the ribosome assembles around the mRNA and the first tRNA binds to the start codon (AUG) on the mRNA strand, bringing the methionine amino acid. 2. **Elongation:** - The ribosome moves along the mRNA strand, decoding each codon in sequence. Each mRNA codon is paired with the
Transcribed Image Text:### Translation and Protein Synthesis This image illustrates the process of translation and protein synthesis, involving various elements such as mRNA, ribosomes, tRNA, and amino acids. #### Description of Key Components: 1. **A. Ribosome:** - The ribosome is shown as a dotted spherical structure. It is the site where protein synthesis occurs. The ribosome facilitates the decoding of mRNA into a polypeptide chain. 2. **B. mRNA (messenger RNA):** - Represented as a long strand with nucleotide bases (A, U, G, C). The sequence in this example is AUG UUC AAA. mRNA carries the genetic information copied from DNA in the form of codons, three-nucleotide sequences that specify particular amino acids. 3. **C. tRNA (transfer RNA):** - tRNA molecules are illustrated as cloverleaf structures. These molecules transport specific amino acids to the ribosome, based on the codon sequence of the mRNA. Each tRNA has an anticodon that is complementary to the mRNA codon, ensuring the correct amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain. 4. **D. Amino Acid Methionine (Met):** - This tRNA is carrying methionine, the amino acid specified by the codon AUG, the start codon of mRNA. 5. **E. Amino Acid Asparagine:** - Another tRNA with an anticodon complementary to UUC on the mRNA. This tRNA is carrying asparagine. 6. **F. Polypeptide Chain:** - This is the growing chain of amino acids (here, starting with Methionine and Asparagine) linked together by peptide bonds during the process of translation. 7. **G. Ribosome:** - The site where tRNAs bring amino acids in accordance with the codon sequences of the mRNA to ensure the correct sequence of the polypeptide chain. #### Detailed Process Overview: 1. **Initiation:** - Translation begins when the ribosome assembles around the mRNA and the first tRNA binds to the start codon (AUG) on the mRNA strand, bringing the methionine amino acid. 2. **Elongation:** - The ribosome moves along the mRNA strand, decoding each codon in sequence. Each mRNA codon is paired with the
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