(a) Using Raoult's law, calculate and plot the x-y data at a total pressure or 101.32 kPa. (h) Plot the boiling-noint diaoram 3-3. Differential Distillation of Benzene-Toluene. A mixture containing 70 mol % ben- zene and 30 mol % toluene is distilled under differential conditions at 101.32 kPa (1 atm). A total of one-third of the moles in the feed is vaporized. Calculate the aver- age composition of the distillate and the composition of the remaining liquid. Use equilibrium data from Table 26.1-1. Table 26.1-1. Vapor-Pressure and Equilibrium-Mole-Fraction Data for Benzene-Toluene System otbonh Vapor Pressure Mole-Fraction Веnzene Temperature Benzene at 101.325 kPa Toluene °С kPa К ттHg kPa тmHg ХА УА 80.1 101.32 353.3 760 1.000 1.000 85 116.9 358.2 877 46.0 345 0.780 0.900 90 135.5 363.2 1016 54.0 405 0.581 0.777 95 155.7 368.2 1168 63.3 475 0.411 0.632 100 179.2 373.2 1344 74.3 557 0.258 0.456 105 204.2 378.2 1532 86.0 645 0.130 0.261 110.6 240.0 383.8 1800 101.32 760 0 0 EXAMPLE 26.1-1. Use of Raoult's Law for Boiling-Point Diagram Calculate the vapor and liquid compositions in equilibrium at 95°C (368.2 K) for benzene-toluene using the vapor pressure from Table 26.1-1 at 101.32 kPa. Solution: At 95°C from Table 26.1-1 for benzene, PA = 155.7 kPa and Pg = 63.3 kPa. Substituting into Eq. (26.1-3) and solving, 155.7(x)63.3(1- x) = 101.32 kPa (760 mmHg) 0.411 and x 1 - XA = 1 - 0.411 0.589. Substituting into Hence, xA = Еq. (26.1-4), 155.7(0.411)0.632 PAA УА 22DATR aMA 8 101.32 P mon method of plotting the equilibrium data is shown in Fig. 26.1-2, where yA is plot- ted versus xA for the benzene-toluene system. The 45° line is given to show that yYA is richer in component A than is xA. The boiling-point diagram in Fig. 26.1-1 is typical of an ideal system following Raoult's law. Nonideal systems differ considerably. In Fig. 26.1-3a, the boiling-point diagram is shown for a maximum-boiling azeotrope. The maximum temperature Tmax corresponds to a concen- would show the curve crossing versus xA tration x, and xAz = YAz at this point. The plot of УА the 45° line at this point. Acetone-chloroform is an example of such a system. In Fig. 26.1-3b, at T: Ethanol-water is such a ninimum-boiling azeotrope is shown with yAz system. min ХAАZ
(a) Using Raoult's law, calculate and plot the x-y data at a total pressure or 101.32 kPa. (h) Plot the boiling-noint diaoram 3-3. Differential Distillation of Benzene-Toluene. A mixture containing 70 mol % ben- zene and 30 mol % toluene is distilled under differential conditions at 101.32 kPa (1 atm). A total of one-third of the moles in the feed is vaporized. Calculate the aver- age composition of the distillate and the composition of the remaining liquid. Use equilibrium data from Table 26.1-1. Table 26.1-1. Vapor-Pressure and Equilibrium-Mole-Fraction Data for Benzene-Toluene System otbonh Vapor Pressure Mole-Fraction Веnzene Temperature Benzene at 101.325 kPa Toluene °С kPa К ттHg kPa тmHg ХА УА 80.1 101.32 353.3 760 1.000 1.000 85 116.9 358.2 877 46.0 345 0.780 0.900 90 135.5 363.2 1016 54.0 405 0.581 0.777 95 155.7 368.2 1168 63.3 475 0.411 0.632 100 179.2 373.2 1344 74.3 557 0.258 0.456 105 204.2 378.2 1532 86.0 645 0.130 0.261 110.6 240.0 383.8 1800 101.32 760 0 0 EXAMPLE 26.1-1. Use of Raoult's Law for Boiling-Point Diagram Calculate the vapor and liquid compositions in equilibrium at 95°C (368.2 K) for benzene-toluene using the vapor pressure from Table 26.1-1 at 101.32 kPa. Solution: At 95°C from Table 26.1-1 for benzene, PA = 155.7 kPa and Pg = 63.3 kPa. Substituting into Eq. (26.1-3) and solving, 155.7(x)63.3(1- x) = 101.32 kPa (760 mmHg) 0.411 and x 1 - XA = 1 - 0.411 0.589. Substituting into Hence, xA = Еq. (26.1-4), 155.7(0.411)0.632 PAA УА 22DATR aMA 8 101.32 P mon method of plotting the equilibrium data is shown in Fig. 26.1-2, where yA is plot- ted versus xA for the benzene-toluene system. The 45° line is given to show that yYA is richer in component A than is xA. The boiling-point diagram in Fig. 26.1-1 is typical of an ideal system following Raoult's law. Nonideal systems differ considerably. In Fig. 26.1-3a, the boiling-point diagram is shown for a maximum-boiling azeotrope. The maximum temperature Tmax corresponds to a concen- would show the curve crossing versus xA tration x, and xAz = YAz at this point. The plot of УА the 45° line at this point. Acetone-chloroform is an example of such a system. In Fig. 26.1-3b, at T: Ethanol-water is such a ninimum-boiling azeotrope is shown with yAz system. min ХAАZ
Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
8th Edition
ISBN:9781259696527
Author:J.M. Smith Termodinamica en ingenieria quimica, Hendrick C Van Ness, Michael Abbott, Mark Swihart
Publisher:J.M. Smith Termodinamica en ingenieria quimica, Hendrick C Van Ness, Michael Abbott, Mark Swihart
Chapter1: Introduction
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1.1P
Related questions
Question
100%
Transcribed Image Text:(a) Using Raoult's law, calculate and plot the x-y data at a total pressure or
101.32 kPa.
(h) Plot the boiling-noint diaoram
3-3. Differential Distillation of Benzene-Toluene. A mixture containing 70 mol % ben-
zene and 30 mol % toluene is distilled under differential conditions at 101.32 kPa
(1 atm). A total of one-third of the moles in the feed is vaporized. Calculate the aver-
age composition of the distillate and the composition of the remaining liquid. Use
equilibrium data from Table 26.1-1.
Transcribed Image Text:Table 26.1-1. Vapor-Pressure and Equilibrium-Mole-Fraction Data
for Benzene-Toluene System
otbonh
Vapor Pressure
Mole-Fraction
Веnzene
Temperature
Benzene at
101.325 kPa
Toluene
°С
kPa
К
ттHg
kPa
тmHg
ХА
УА
80.1
101.32
353.3
760
1.000
1.000
85
116.9
358.2
877
46.0
345
0.780
0.900
90
135.5
363.2
1016
54.0
405
0.581
0.777
95
155.7
368.2
1168
63.3
475
0.411
0.632
100
179.2
373.2
1344
74.3
557
0.258
0.456
105
204.2
378.2
1532
86.0
645
0.130
0.261
110.6
240.0
383.8
1800
101.32
760
0
0
EXAMPLE 26.1-1. Use of Raoult's Law for Boiling-Point Diagram
Calculate the vapor and liquid compositions in equilibrium at 95°C (368.2 K)
for benzene-toluene using the vapor pressure from Table 26.1-1 at 101.32 kPa.
Solution: At 95°C from Table 26.1-1 for benzene, PA = 155.7 kPa and Pg =
63.3 kPa. Substituting into Eq. (26.1-3) and solving,
155.7(x)63.3(1- x) = 101.32 kPa (760 mmHg)
0.411 and x 1 - XA = 1 - 0.411
0.589. Substituting into
Hence, xA =
Еq. (26.1-4),
155.7(0.411)0.632
PAA
УА
22DATR
aMA 8
101.32
P
mon method of plotting the equilibrium data is shown in Fig. 26.1-2, where yA is plot-
ted versus xA for the benzene-toluene system. The 45° line is given to show that yYA is richer in
component A than is xA.
The boiling-point diagram in Fig. 26.1-1 is typical of an ideal system following Raoult's
law. Nonideal systems differ considerably. In Fig. 26.1-3a, the boiling-point diagram is shown
for a maximum-boiling azeotrope. The maximum temperature Tmax corresponds to a concen-
would show the curve crossing
versus xA
tration x, and xAz = YAz at this point. The plot of
УА
the 45° line at this point. Acetone-chloroform is an example of such a system. In Fig. 26.1-3b,
at T: Ethanol-water is such a
ninimum-boiling azeotrope is shown with yAz
system.
min
ХAАZ
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