A team of researchers (Singer et al., 2000) used the Survey of Consumer Attitudes to investigate whether incen- ives would improve the response rates on telephone surveys. A national sample of 735 households was randomly selected, and all 735 of the households were sent an "advance letter" explaining that the household would be contacted shortly for a telephone survey. However, 368 households were randomly assigned to receive a monetary incentive along with the ad- rance letter, and the other 367 households were assigned to receive only the advance letter. Here are the data on how nany households responded to the telephone survey.
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- A social psychologist wishes to test the assertion that our attitude toward other people tends to reflect our perception of their attitude toward us. A randomly selected member of each of 12 couples who live together is told (in private) that his or her partner has rated that person at the high end of a 0 to 100 scale of trustworthiness. The other member is told (also in private) that his or her partner has rated that person at the low end of the trustworthiness scale. Each person is then asked to estimate, in turn, the trustworthiness of his or her partner, yielding the following results. (According to the original assertion, the people in the trustworthy condition should give higher ratings than should their partners in the untrustworthy condition.) TRUSTWORTHINESS RATINGS COUPLE TRUSTWORTHY (1) UNTRUSTWORTHY (2) A 75 60 B 35 30 C 50 55 D 93 20 E 74…Recent research has shown that creative people are more likely to cheat than their less-creative counterparts (Gino & Ariely, 2011). Participants in the study first completed creativity assessment questionnaires and then returned to the lab several days later for a series of tasks. One task was a multiple-choice general knowledge test for which the participants circled their answers on the test sheet. Afterward, they were asked to transfer their answers to a bubble sheet for computer scoring. However, the experimenter admitted that the wrong bubble sheet had been copied so that the correct answers were still faintly visible. Thus, the participants had an opportunity to cheat and inflate their test scores. Higher scores were valuable because participants were paid based on the number of correct answers. However, the researchers had secretly coded the original tests and the bubble sheets so that they could measure the degree of cheating for each participant. Assuming that the…According to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH), 41% of college students nationwide engage in "binge-drinking" behavior: having five or more drinks on one occasion during the past two weeks. A college president wonders if the proportion of students enrolled at her college who binge drink is actually lower than the national proportion. In a commissioned study, 344 students are selected randomly from a list of all students enrolled at the college. Of these, 132 admit to having engaged in binge drinking.The college president is more interested in testing her belief that the proportion of students at her college who engage in binge drinking is lower than the national proportion of 0.41. What is the P-value? (Round your answer to four decimal places.)P-value = ?
- A survey of 1000 adults from a certain region asked, "If purchasing a used car made certain upgrades or features more affordable, what would be your preferred luxury upgrade?" The results indicated that 58% of the females and 51% of the males answered window tinting. The sample sizes of males and females were not provided. Suppose that of 600 females, 348 reported window tinting as their preferred luxury upgrade of choice, while of 400 males, 204 reported window tinting as their preferred luxury upgrade of choice. Complete parts (a) through (d) below. a. Is there evidence of a difference between males and females in the proportion who said they prefer window tinting as a luxury upgrade at the 0.05 level of significance? State the null and alternative hypotheses, where π1 is the population proportion of females who said they prefer window tinting as a luxury upgrade and π2 is the population proportion of males who said they prefer window tinting as a luxury…Exercise is known to produce positive psychological effects. Interestingly, not all exercise is equally effective. It turns out that exercising in a natural environment (e.g., jogging in the woods) produces better psychological outcomes than exercising in urban environments or in homes (Mackay & Neill, 2010). Suppose that a sports psychologist is interested in testing whether there is a difference between exercise in nature and exercise in the lab with respect to post-exercise anxiety levels. The researcher recruits n 5 7 participants who exercise in the lab and exercise on a nature trail. The data below represent the anxiety scores that were measured after each exercise session. Treat the data as if the scores are from an independent-measures study using two separate samples, each with n 5 7 participants. Compute the pooled variance, the estimated standard error for the mean difference, and the independent-measures t statistic. Using a 5 .05, is there a significant difference…According to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), and the National Institutes of Health (NIH), 42% of college students nationwide engage in “binge drinking” behavior, having 5 or more drinks in one occasion during the past two weeks. A college president wonders if the proportion of students enrolled at her college that binge drink is actually different than the national proportion. In a commissioned study, 364 students are selected randomly from a list of all students enrolled at the college. Of these, 136 admitted to having engaged in binge drinking. The same college president is more interested in testing her suspicion that the proportion of students at her college that binge drink is different than the national proportion of .37. Use the statistic provided for her college above for your test. A. Define the null and alternative hypotheses to test this claim. B. By hand, calculate the test statistic for this test. C. Use…
- The spotlight effect refers to overestimating the extent to which others notice your appearance or behavior, especially when you commit a social faux pas. Effectively, you feel as if you are suddenly standing in a spotlight with everyone looking. In one demonstration of this phenomenon, Gilovich, Medvec, and Savitsky (2000) asked college students to put on a Barry Manilow T-shirt that fellow students had previously judged to be embarrassing. The participants were then led into a room in which other students were already participating in an experiment. After a few minutes, the participant was led back out of the room and was allowed to remove the shirt. Later, each participant was asked to estimate how many people in the room had noticed the shirt. The individuals who were in the room were also asked whether they noticed the shirt. In the study, the participants significantly overestimated the actual number of people who had noticed. In a similar study using a sample of n=9…The spotlight effect refers to overestimating the extent to which others notice your appearance or behavior, especially when you commit a social faux pas. Effectively, you feel as if you are suddenly standing in a spotlight with everyone looking. In one demonstration of this phenomenon, Gilovich, Medvec, and Savitsky (2000) asked college students to put on a Barry Manilow T-shirt that fellow students had previously judged to be embarrassing. The participants were then led into a room in which other students were already participating in an experiment. After a few minutes, the participant was led back out of the room and was allowed to remove the shirt. Later, each participant was asked to estimate how many people in the room had noticed the shirt. The individuals who were in the room were also asked whether they noticed the shirt. In a similar study with N = 36 participants, the individuals who wore the shirt produced an average estimate of X = 1.8 with SS = 425. (a) Compute a 95%…A warehouse manager wants to know if there is an association between the shift worked and being on time for work. To investigate, he selects a random sample of 70 workers and classifies each one according to the shift they worked most recently and whether they were on time for work. He was unable to classify a substantial number of people as being on time, so he classified those individuals as unknown. The data are displayed in the table. The manager would like to know if these data provide convincing evidence of an association between the shift worked and being on time in the large population of all workers at this warehouse. The random and 10% conditions are met. Is the Large Counts condition met? Yes, the smallest expected count is 5, so all expected counts are at least 5. Yes, the smallest expected count is 8.54, so all expected counts are at least 5. No, the smallest expected count is 2.56, so the expected counts are not all at least 5. No, the smallest expected count is…
- In a survey of 1000 adult Americans, 45.7% indicated that they were somewhat interested or very interested in having web access in their cars. Suppose that the marketing manager of a car manufacturer claims that the 45.7% is based only on a sample and that 45.7% is close to half, so there is no reason to believe that the proportion of all adult Americans who want car web access is less than 0.50. Is the marketing manager correct in his claim? Provide statistical evidence to support your answer. For purposes of this exercise, assume that the sample can be considered as representative of adult Americans. Test the relevant hypotheses using ? = 0.05. Find the test statistic and P-value. (Round your test statistic to two decimal places and your P-value to four decimal places.) z= P-value= chose the conclusion in the context of the problem. a) Reject H0. We do not have convincing evidence that the proportion of all adult Americans who want car web access is less than 0.5. The marketing…A study was conducted to determine whether big-city and small-town dwellers differed in their helpfulness to strangers. In this study, the investigators rang the doorbells of strangers living in a large City or small towns in the vicinity. They explained they had misplaced the address of a friend living in the neighbourhood and asked to use the phone. The following data show the number of individuals who admitted or did not admit the strangers (the investigators) into their homes: Helpfulness to strangers Admitted strangers into their home Didnot admit strangers into their home Big city dwellers 60 90 Small town dwellers 70 30 State the dependent and independent variable Is this a directional or non directionalResearch has shown that people are more likely to show dishonest and self- interested behaviors in darkness than in a well-lit environment (Zhong, Bohns, & Gino, 2010). In one experiment, participants were given a set of 20 puzzles and were paid $0.50 for each one solved in a 5-minute period. However, the participants reported their one performance and there was no obvious method for checking their honesty. Thus, the task provided a clear opportunity to cheat and receive understand money. One group of participants were tested in a room with dimmed lighting and a second group was tested in a well-lit room. The reporter number of solved puzzles was recorded for each individual. The following data represent results similar to those obtained in the study. Well Lit Room Dimly Lit Room 7 9 8 11 10 13 6 10 8 11 5 9 7 15 12 14 5 10 a)Is there a significant difference in reported performance between the two conditions? Use a…