(a) Suppose there are three hospitals in a market. Hospital #1 has a market share of 20%, Hospital #2 has a market share of 30%, and Hospital #3 has a market share of 50%. Calculate the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index for this market.
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- Suppose we have people with differing taste on a variety of the product that a monopolist is producing. Everyone values their preferred variety at 240. However the monopolist does not produce all varieties and therefore consumers that do not get their preferred variety discount the value of the product. This discount is linked to how far the monopolist's variety is from their preferred one. To make things simple we can imagine that tastes of consumers are uniformly distributed along a line with a normalized length of 1. each person will discount the value of the product by how far their preferred product is situated on that line from the monopolist's variety. Let the discount per unit of distance be equal to 18. Suppose there are 6000000 consumers with preferences that are uniformly distributed on the line (i.e. tastes of consumers are equally distanced from each other with 6000000 of them along the line). Suppose the monopolist decides to come up with 1 varieties of the product where…Suppose you work for Philippine Competition Commission and you find out that in province A, the only two available hospitals are planning to merge, which would result to a monopoly. If you do not allow for merging, hospital 2 will leave the market. Given the following cost functions and the information provided, would you allow for the merging of the two hospitals? Why or why not? Explain intuitively and mathematically. Hospital 1's cost function = 30 + q Hospital 2's cost function = 40 + 92 Joint cost function = 50+q+q2A monopolist hires you to design its pricing policy. After month of doing market research you realize that the own-price elasticity is not the same for different groups of consumers in the market. (a) If group (a) has an own-price elasticity of 2.16 and group (b) 1.26. Assuming that the firm can directly observe an indicator of belonging to groups (a) and (b), what degree of price-discrimination can the monopolist implement? which group will end up paying more? (b) Will producer's surplus increase or decrease with price discrimination? what about consumer surplus? (consider single pricing vs price discrimination) (c) If a you get hold of a magic crystal ball that tells you the exact willingness to pay of each consumer. What type of price discrimination can the monopolist use to maximize profits? is this strategy “efficient” from the point of view of total surplus? are consumers better-off or worse-off? (Hint: A graph can greatly clarify this part.)
- Using the appropriate graphs and terminology, explain why a city with 30,000 people is likely to have one hospital but 70 housecleaning service companies.Explain Benefits and Flaws of Payback Screening?In a certain region, there are four major healthcare providers: A HealthCare, B CarePlus, C MedWell, and D LifeCare. The market shares of these providers in terms of patient visits are as follows: A HealthCare: 35% B CarePlus: 25% C MedWell: 20% D LifeCare: 20% Calculate the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) for the healthcare provider market in this region. Is this market considered concentrated or competitive according to the HHI interpretation?
- Two competing companies, A and B face the same unit cost of a product that is fixed and equal to 15 monetary units. The demand function for company A's product is Pa=65-2.5Qa and for B's product is Pb=60-2Qb.Calculate the Lerner index at the equilibrium position of each company. Comparing the index you found for company A with the index you found for company B what is found? If there is a difference between them, explain why it is due.PQ 18.02 (and 18.03) Two businesses in a market can decide to increase the amount of stores they operate. If neither business adds new stores they will each earn $10 million in profit; if both add new stores they will each earn $4 million in profit; and if one adds new stores while the other does not, the business adding new stores earns profit of $10 million and the other earns profit of $5 million. If these businesses are not colluding we would expect: Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a both may or may not add new stores. b one business will add new stores and the other will not. c both will add new stores. d neither will add new stores.Bill is considering opening a new bookstore near the university campus. There are two possible sites under consideration. One is relatively small, while the other is large. If he opens at small site and demand is good, he will generate a profit of $60,000. If demand is low, he will lose $20,000. If he opens at large site and demand is high he will generate a profit of $90,000, but he will lose $40,000 if demand is low. He also has decided that he will open at one of these sites. He believes that there is a 60 percent chance that demand will be high. He assigns the following utilities to the different profits: U(60,000) = ? U(-20,000) = 0.20 U(90,000) = 1 U(-40,000) = 0 For what value of utility for $60,000, will Bill be indifferent between the two alternatives? (Show all your work)
- The Camera Shop sells two popular models of digital SLR cameras (Camera A Price: $240, Camera B Price: $300). The sales of these products are not independent of each other, but rather if the price of one increase, the sales of the other will increase. In economics, these two camera models are called substitutable products. The store wishes to establish a pricing policy to maximize revenue from these products. A study of price and sales data shows the following relationships between the quantity sold (N) and prices (P) of each model: NA = 195 - 0.5PA + 0.35PB NB = 300 + 0.06PA - 0.5PB Construct a model for the total revenue and implement it on a spreadsheet. Develop a two-way data table to estimate the optimal prices for each product in order to maximize the total revenue. Vary each price from $250 to $500 in increments of $10. Max revenue occurs at Camera A price of $ - Max revenue occurs at Camera B price of $ -Theory and Evidence. Childcare is a sector that is heavily regulated because of the importance of ensuring child safety. The current price of childcare is $1200 a month. The government is concerned with this market: Evidence shows that young parents are not returning to work because they cannot afford childcare. The government conducts a randomized control trial of a new policy. In some randomly selected cities, the government mandates that childcare providers cannot charge more than $800 per month. Other randomly selected cities are left unaffected to serve as a control. In six months, the outcomes show that the number of children getting childcare has not changed, but that waiting lists for childcare have increased dramatically. (a) Can this outcome be reconciled with the theory of supply and demand? (b) Do you expect that outcomes will improve in the long run?After reviewing Institute for Clinical and Economic Review consider the following: In the UK, very few drugs or procedures are approved if they cost more than $50,000 per QALY. Take the example of PCSK9 inhibitors. The PCSK9 inhibitors(PSK9i) are a class of injectable drugs approved in 2015 that have been shown to dramatically lower LDL cholesterol levels, by up to 60% when combined with a statin. The market price of the first PCSK9s to be sold in the US in 2015 was $14,350 per year. The ICER analysis shows how many more patients could be treated at a lower total budget impact if the price could be lowered. Given this information what price should Medicare pay for a PSCK9? Should a state Medicaid program pay more or less? Should Medicaid programs in low-income states pay more, less, or the same, compared to high-income states? Should there be one $/QALY for an entire country? How would you expect drug companies to react to price limits set by public programs?