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A study of breast cancer in postmenopausal women included 500 cases of invasive breast cancer and 500 subjects without breast cancer matched to the cases by age and location of residence. The following data were collected for these subjects about their use of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT). Based on these data, answer the following questions. STATUS CASES CONTROLS Estrogen Replacement Therapy 250 100 No ERT 250 400 5. What is your estimate of the odds ratio? 4.00 2.00 0.25 1.00

A study of breast cancer in postmenopausal women included 500 cases of invasive breast cancer and 500 subjects without breast cancer matched to the cases by age and location of residence. The following data were collected for these subjects about their use of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT). Based on these data, answer the following questions. STATUS CASES CONTROLS Estrogen Replacement Therapy 250 100 No ERT 250 400 5. What is your estimate of the odds ratio? 4.00 2.00 0.25 1.00

MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications
MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications
6th Edition
ISBN:9781119256830
Author:Amos Gilat
Publisher:Amos Gilat
Chapter1: Starting With Matlab
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1P
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A study of breast cancer in postmenopausal women included 500 cases of invasive breast cancer and 500 subjects without breast cancer matched to the cases by age and location of residence. The following data were collected for these subjects about their use of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT). Based on these data, answer the following questions. | STATUS | CASES | CONTROLS | |---------------------------------|-------|----------| | Estrogen Replacement Therapy | 250 | 100 | | No ERT | 250 | 400 | 5. What is your estimate of the odds ratio? - ○ 4.00 - ○ 2.00 - ○ 0.25 - ○ 1.00 ### Explanation: This table presents the data on the use of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) among a group of postmenopausal women, divided into those with breast cancer (cases) and those without (controls). The odds ratio (OR) is a statistical measure used to determine the strength of the association between two conditions. In this context, it can be used to assess whether ERT is associated with a higher or lower risk of developing breast cancer. **Calculating the Odds Ratio:** The odds ratio can be calculated using the formula: \[ \text{OR} = \frac{(A/C)}{(B/D)} = \frac{(250/250)}{(100/400)} \] - A = 250 (cases with ERT) - B = 100 (controls with ERT) - C = 250 (cases without ERT) - D = 400 (controls without ERT) \[ \text{OR} = \frac{(250 \times 400)}{(250 \times 100)} = \frac{100000}{25000} = 4.00 \] Therefore, the correct estimate of the odds ratio is 4.00. This means that the odds of breast cancer are 4 times higher among women who used estrogen replacement therapy compared to those who did not.
Transcribed Image Text:A study of breast cancer in postmenopausal women included 500 cases of invasive breast cancer and 500 subjects without breast cancer matched to the cases by age and location of residence. The following data were collected for these subjects about their use of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT). Based on these data, answer the following questions. | STATUS | CASES | CONTROLS | |---------------------------------|-------|----------| | Estrogen Replacement Therapy | 250 | 100 | | No ERT | 250 | 400 | 5. What is your estimate of the odds ratio? - ○ 4.00 - ○ 2.00 - ○ 0.25 - ○ 1.00 ### Explanation: This table presents the data on the use of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) among a group of postmenopausal women, divided into those with breast cancer (cases) and those without (controls). The odds ratio (OR) is a statistical measure used to determine the strength of the association between two conditions. In this context, it can be used to assess whether ERT is associated with a higher or lower risk of developing breast cancer. **Calculating the Odds Ratio:** The odds ratio can be calculated using the formula: \[ \text{OR} = \frac{(A/C)}{(B/D)} = \frac{(250/250)}{(100/400)} \] - A = 250 (cases with ERT) - B = 100 (controls with ERT) - C = 250 (cases without ERT) - D = 400 (controls without ERT) \[ \text{OR} = \frac{(250 \times 400)}{(250 \times 100)} = \frac{100000}{25000} = 4.00 \] Therefore, the correct estimate of the odds ratio is 4.00. This means that the odds of breast cancer are 4 times higher among women who used estrogen replacement therapy compared to those who did not.
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