A study by Bechtel et al., 2009, described in the Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health considered polycyclic aromatichydrocarbons and immune system function in beef cattle. Some cattle were near major oil- and gas-producing areas of western Canada. Themean monthly exposure to PM1.0 (particulate matter that is <1μm in diameter) was approximately 7.2 µg/m³ with standard deviation 1.5.Assume that the monthly exposure is normally distributed. What is the probability of a monthly exposure greater than 9 µg/m³ ? Roundyour answer to three decimal places (e.g., 98.765).

Given: Meanμ=7.2standard deviation(σ)=1.5 X follows normal distribution. x=greater than 9

Answered: A study by Bechtel et al., 2009,…

A First Course in Probability (10th Edition)

10th Edition

ISBN:9780134753119

Author:Sheldon Ross

Publisher:Sheldon Ross

Chapter1: Combinatorial Analysis

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1.1P: a. How many different 7-place license plates are possible if the first 2 places are for letters and...

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In a certain article, laser therapy was discussed as a useful alternative to drugs in pain management of chronically ill patients. To measure pain threshold, a machine was used that delivered low-voltage direct current to different parts of the body (wrist, neck, and back). The machine measured current in milliamperes (mA). The pretreatment experimental group in the study had an average threshold of pain (pain was first detectable) at ? = 3.09 mA with standard deviation ? = 1.21 mA. Assume that the distribution of threshold pain, measured in milliamperes, is symmetric and more or less mound-shaped. (Round your answers to two decimal places.) (a) Use the empirical rule to estimate a range of milliamperes centered about the mean in which about 68% of the experimental group will have a threshold of painfrom mA to mA (b) Use the empirical rule to estimate a range of milliamperes centered about the mean in which about 95% of the experimental group will have a threshold of painfrom mA to…
The mean alkalinity level of water specimens collected from the Han River in Seoul, Korea, is 50 milligrams per liter. (Environmental Science & Engineering, September 1, 2000.) Consider a random sample of 100 water specimens collected from a tributary of the Han River. Suppose the mean and standard deviation of the alkalinity levels for the sample are Xbar= 67.8 mg/L and s = 14.4 mg/L. Is there sufficient evidence to indicate that the population mean alkalinity level of water in the tributary exceeds 50 mg/L? Use significance level 0.05 a. State the null and alternate hypothesis b. Calculate the test statistic c. Calculate the p-value d. Do you reject the null hypothesis or fail to reject the null hypothesis. e. Write your conclusion
The article “Tibiofemoral Cartilage Thickness Distribution and its Correlation with Anthropometric Variables” (A. Connolly, D. FitzPatrick, et al., Journal of Engineering in Medicine, 2008:29–39) reports that in a sample of 11 men, the average volume of femoral cartilage (located in the knee) was 18.7 cm3 with a standard deviation of 3.3 cm3 and the average volume in a sample of 9 women was 11.2 cm3 with a standard deviation of 2.4 cm2. Find a 95% confidence interval for the difference in mean femoral cartilage volume between men and women.
An investigation of the relationship between traffic flow (measured in cars per day) and lead content (measured in micrograms per gram of dry weight) in the bark of trees near the highway yielded the following summary statistics: Sample Mean Sample Standard Deviation Lead Content (micrograms per gram dry weight) y¯=y¯= 680 sysy = 240 Traffic Flow (cars / day) x¯=x¯= 1750 sxsx = 800 The correlation between lead content and traffic flow was found to be r = 0.6 and a scatterplot showed the form to be linear. The least squares regression line for using X to predict Y was found to be y^=365+0.18xy^=365+0.18x. Which one of the following is a proper interpretation of the slope? Group of answer choices For each 1 car per day increase in traffic flow, we predict an corresponding increase of 0.18 in lead content of surrounding trees For each 0.6 car per day increase in traffic flow, we predict an corresponding increase of 365.18 in lead content of surrounding trees For each 1…
In a certain article, laser therapy was discussed as a useful alternative to drugs in pain management of chronically ill patients. To measure pain threshold, a machine was used that delivered low-voltage direct current to different parts of the body (wrist, neck, and back). The machine measured current in milliamperes (mA). The pretreatment experimental group in the study had an average threshold of pain (pain was first detectable) at ? = 3.22 mA with standard deviation ? = 1.25 mA. Assume that the distribution of threshold pain, measured in milliamperes, is symmetric and more or less mound-shaped. (Round your answers to two decimal places.) (a) Use the empirical rule to estimate a range of milliamperes centered about the mean in which about 68% of the experimental group will have a threshold of painfrom mA to mA(b) Use the empirical rule to estimate a range of milliamperes centered about the mean in which about 95% of the experimental group will have a threshold of painfrom mA to…
Total plasma volume is important in determining the required plasma component in blood replacement therapy for a person undergoing surgery. Plasma volume is influenced by the overall health and physical activity of an individual. Suppose that a random sample of 50 male firefighters are tested and that they have a plasma volume sample mean of x = 37.5 ml/kg (milliliters plasma per kilogram body weight). Assume that ? = 7.20 ml/kg for the distribution of blood plasma.
Index of Biotic Integrity. Refer to the Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Sciences (June 2005) analysis of the Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI). The IBI measures the biological condition or health of an aquatic region. Summary data on the IBI for sites located in two Ohio river basins, Muskingum and Hocking, are given in the next table. Conduct a test of hypothesis (at α = .10) to test that the mean IBI values of Hocking river are higher then IBI levels of Muskingum river. River Basin Sample Size Mean Standard Deviation Muskingum 53 .035 1.046 Hocking 51 .340 .960 State the null and alternate hypothesis significance level used Test statistic p-value Decision Conclusion
The antibody production of 12 male red-winged blackbirds before and after receiving testosterone implants was compared. The units for antibody levels were natural log (10-3 optical density) per minute (In(mOD/min)). The mean change in antibody production was d = 0.056, and the standard deviation was sd = 0.225 If you were assigned the task of repeating this experiment, and wanted to ensure that you could detect a mean change of 0.02 units with a probability of 0.8, then what sample size would you use? Since we are calculating n for a study of individuals, answers should be rounded up to the next whole number.
You wish to determine the average VO2max (maximum rate of oxygen consumption, often associated with athletic performance) of a sample of 100 Olympic athletes, and to use a quantitative metric to assess your confidence in the average (mean) value. You calculate a mean of 71 ml/kg/min and a variance of 26.06 from your sample. Question: What are the standard error of the mean (SEM) and the approximate 95% CI of the mean?
The drainage loading on a stormwater collection system is normally distributed with mean 1.2 million gallon per day (MGD) and standard deviation 0.4 MGD. Compute the system capacity, i.e., Design Life level (DDL), of the systems with a design life of 15 years and maximum risk of failure of 0.15 over its design life
Mobile homes are tightly constructed for energy conservation. This can lead to a buildup of indoor pollutants. The paper "A Survey of Nitrogen Dioxide Levels Inside Mobile Homes"† discussed various aspects of NO2 concentration in these structures. (a) For one sample of mobile homes in the Los Angeles area, the mean NO2 concentration in kitchens during the summer was 38.52 ppb, and the standard deviation was 11.16. Making no assumptions about the shape of the NO2 distribution, what can be said about the percentage of observations between 16.20 and 60.84? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number.) at least % (b) Inside what interval is it guaranteed that at least 89% of the concentration observations will lie for the distribution in part (a)? , (c) For a sample of mobile homes that were not in Los Angeles, the average kitchen NO2 concentration during the winter was 23.88 ppb, and the standard deviation was 16.00. Do these values suggest that the histogram of sample observations did…
In a certain article, laser therapy was discussed as a useful alternative to drugs in pain management of chronically ill patients. To measure pain threshold, a machine was used that delivered low-voltage direct current to different parts of the body (wrist, neck, and back). The machine measured current in milliamperes (mA). The pretreatment experimental group in the study had an average threshold of pain (pain was first detectable) at ? = 3.29 mA with standard deviation ? = 1.15 mA. Assume that the distribution of threshold pain, measured in milliamperes, is symmetric and more or less mound-shaped. (Round your answers to two decimal places.) (a) Use the empirical rule to estimate a range of milliamperes centered about the mean in which about 68% of the experimental group will have a threshold of painfrom mA to mA(b) Use the empirical rule to estimate a range of milliamperes centered about the mean in which about 95% of the experimental group will have a threshold of painfrom mA to…

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