A student says "For molecules containing two different atoms, the magnitude of the partial charges is related to the difference in EN of those two atoms." Is the data in Table 1 consistent with this statement? Provide your answer using one or more grammatically correct sentences and include specific examples from Table 1 in your response. Does the data for H2O and H2S in Table 3 support this statement? Provide your answer using one or more grammatically correct sentences and specifically address the data in Table 3.

Chemistry
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Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
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Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
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A student says "For molecules containing two different atoms, the magnitude of the partial charges is related to the difference in EN of those two atoms." Is the data in Table 1 consistent with this statement? Provide your answer using one or more grammatically correct sentences and include specific examples from Table 1 in your response. Does the data for H2O and H2S in Table 3 support this statement? Provide your answer using one or more grammatically correct sentences and specifically address the data in Table 3. 

**Table 3. Calculated Partial Charges on Atoms within a Molecule or Ion**

This table presents the calculated partial charges on various atoms within different molecules and ions. It includes data on the central atom and each terminal atom, providing insights into the distribution of electric charge within these chemical species.

| Molecule                        | Central Atom Charge | Each Terminal Atom Charge |
|---------------------------------|---------------------|---------------------------|
| Methane, CH₄                    | -0.266              | 0.066                     |
| Tetrafluoromethane, CF₄         | 0.577               | -0.144                    |
| Ammonia, NH₃                    | -0.396              | 0.132                     |
| Nitrogen Trifluoride, NF₃       | 0.295               | -0.098                    |
| Water, H₂O                      | -0.383              | 0.192                     |
| Dihydrogen Sulfide, H₂S         | -0.097              | 0.048                     |
| Ammonium Ion, NH₄⁺              | -0.094              | 0.274                     |
| Carbonate Ion, CO₃²⁻            | 0.401               | -0.800                    |
| Nitrate Ion, NO₃⁻               | 0.704               | -0.568                    |

This data is essential for understanding molecular polarity and can be applied in predicting the behavior and interaction of these molecules and ions in various chemical reactions and environments.
Transcribed Image Text:**Table 3. Calculated Partial Charges on Atoms within a Molecule or Ion** This table presents the calculated partial charges on various atoms within different molecules and ions. It includes data on the central atom and each terminal atom, providing insights into the distribution of electric charge within these chemical species. | Molecule | Central Atom Charge | Each Terminal Atom Charge | |---------------------------------|---------------------|---------------------------| | Methane, CH₄ | -0.266 | 0.066 | | Tetrafluoromethane, CF₄ | 0.577 | -0.144 | | Ammonia, NH₃ | -0.396 | 0.132 | | Nitrogen Trifluoride, NF₃ | 0.295 | -0.098 | | Water, H₂O | -0.383 | 0.192 | | Dihydrogen Sulfide, H₂S | -0.097 | 0.048 | | Ammonium Ion, NH₄⁺ | -0.094 | 0.274 | | Carbonate Ion, CO₃²⁻ | 0.401 | -0.800 | | Nitrate Ion, NO₃⁻ | 0.704 | -0.568 | This data is essential for understanding molecular polarity and can be applied in predicting the behavior and interaction of these molecules and ions in various chemical reactions and environments.
**Table 1. Partial charges on atoms in selected molecules.**

| Molecule | Partial Charge H | Partial Charge Halogen |
|----------|------------------|-----------------------|
| HF       | +0.29            | -0.29                 |
| HCl      | +0.17            | -0.17                 |
| HBr      | +0.09            | -0.09                 |
| HI       | +0.01            | -0.01                 |

This table shows the partial charges on hydrogen (H) and halogen atoms in different hydrogen halide molecules. The molecules listed are hydrogen fluoride (HF), hydrogen chloride (HCl), hydrogen bromide (HBr), and hydrogen iodide (HI). The table indicates that the hydrogen atom carries a positive charge, while the halogen atom carries a negative charge. The magnitude of these charges decreases as you move from HF to HI.
Transcribed Image Text:**Table 1. Partial charges on atoms in selected molecules.** | Molecule | Partial Charge H | Partial Charge Halogen | |----------|------------------|-----------------------| | HF | +0.29 | -0.29 | | HCl | +0.17 | -0.17 | | HBr | +0.09 | -0.09 | | HI | +0.01 | -0.01 | This table shows the partial charges on hydrogen (H) and halogen atoms in different hydrogen halide molecules. The molecules listed are hydrogen fluoride (HF), hydrogen chloride (HCl), hydrogen bromide (HBr), and hydrogen iodide (HI). The table indicates that the hydrogen atom carries a positive charge, while the halogen atom carries a negative charge. The magnitude of these charges decreases as you move from HF to HI.
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