A student modeled the exothermic synthesis reaction that occurs when solid iron and liquid sulfur chemically react to produce solid iron (ii) sulfide. The chemical reaction and the student’s model are shown below. Explain why they are wrong and how the student needs to correct them.

Chemistry
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ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
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A student modeled the exothermic synthesis reaction that occurs when solid iron and liquid sulfur chemically react to produce solid iron (ii) sulfide. The chemical reaction and the student’s model are shown below. Explain why they are wrong and how the student needs to correct them.

## Iron-Sulfur Reaction: Energy Changes 

### Reaction Overview:
The chemical reaction illustrated here is:
\[ \text{Fe (s) + S (l) → FeS (s)} \]

### Before the Reaction:
- **Reactants:** A solid iron atom (Fe) and a liquid sulfur atom (S) are represented by an orange and yellow circle, respectively.
  
### After the Reaction:
- **Product:** The product of this reaction is iron sulfide (FeS), which is depicted by an orange and yellow circle joined together.

### Energy Dynamics:

#### Potential Energy:
**Before the Reaction:**
- **System:** Represented by a bar graph divided into five sections, with three sections shaded gray (potential energy content within the reactants).
- **Surroundings:** Bar graph also divided into five sections, with three sections shaded gray (potential energy in the surroundings).

**After the Reaction:**
- **System:** The system's potential energy bar graph shows five sections with four sections shaded gray, indicating an increase in potential energy.
- **Surroundings:** No change in potential energy as the bar graph still shows three sections shaded gray.

#### Kinetic Energy:
**Before the Reaction:**
- **System:** The system's kinetic energy bar graph has five sections with three sections shaded gray.
- **Surroundings:** A similar bar graph representing the surroundings where three sections are shaded.

**After the Reaction:**
- **System:** Shows four sections shaded gray, indicating an increase in kinetic energy content within the system.
- **Surroundings:** Similar to the potential energy, the surroundings' kinetic energy bar graph remains unchanged.

### Summary of Changes:
- The system's potential and kinetic energy both increase during the reaction, depicted by more gray-shaded sections in the bar graphs, indicating higher energy content.
- The surroundings' energy, however, remains unchanged both in potential and kinetic aspects, showing that energy changes are confined to the reacting system.

These diagrams effectively show the conservation of energy and provide a visual representation of how energy is stored and transferred during the reaction process.
Transcribed Image Text:## Iron-Sulfur Reaction: Energy Changes ### Reaction Overview: The chemical reaction illustrated here is: \[ \text{Fe (s) + S (l) → FeS (s)} \] ### Before the Reaction: - **Reactants:** A solid iron atom (Fe) and a liquid sulfur atom (S) are represented by an orange and yellow circle, respectively. ### After the Reaction: - **Product:** The product of this reaction is iron sulfide (FeS), which is depicted by an orange and yellow circle joined together. ### Energy Dynamics: #### Potential Energy: **Before the Reaction:** - **System:** Represented by a bar graph divided into five sections, with three sections shaded gray (potential energy content within the reactants). - **Surroundings:** Bar graph also divided into five sections, with three sections shaded gray (potential energy in the surroundings). **After the Reaction:** - **System:** The system's potential energy bar graph shows five sections with four sections shaded gray, indicating an increase in potential energy. - **Surroundings:** No change in potential energy as the bar graph still shows three sections shaded gray. #### Kinetic Energy: **Before the Reaction:** - **System:** The system's kinetic energy bar graph has five sections with three sections shaded gray. - **Surroundings:** A similar bar graph representing the surroundings where three sections are shaded. **After the Reaction:** - **System:** Shows four sections shaded gray, indicating an increase in kinetic energy content within the system. - **Surroundings:** Similar to the potential energy, the surroundings' kinetic energy bar graph remains unchanged. ### Summary of Changes: - The system's potential and kinetic energy both increase during the reaction, depicted by more gray-shaded sections in the bar graphs, indicating higher energy content. - The surroundings' energy, however, remains unchanged both in potential and kinetic aspects, showing that energy changes are confined to the reacting system. These diagrams effectively show the conservation of energy and provide a visual representation of how energy is stored and transferred during the reaction process.
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