A structural steel beam supports a roof that weighs 25 psf. An analysis of the loads has the following: S = 12 psf, Lr = 18 psf and W = 24 psf (upwards) or 16 psf (downwards). If the beams are spaced 6 ft 0 in apart, determine the factored uniformly distributed loads per foot (upward and downward, if appropriate) by which each beam should be designed.

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Material Properties

Construction in civil engineering demands high strength, durability, and longevity. These targets can be achieved by better design and analysis, along with the correct choice of materials. Different materials have different properties and hence, they respond and performs differently under the various condition of external loadings. It is therefore a critical task of an engineer to select the right material based on the property that the material is supposed to function in real-time. When speaking about the property, there are different categories of material properties like chemical property, physical property, mechanical property, electrical property, magnetic property, thermal property, etc. These material properties form the basis of material selection in various applications.