A steel rod 1 meter long with a cross-sectional area of 1200 mm² is stretched between two fixed points. The tensile force is 200 kN at 30°C. Using E = 200 GPa and a = 11.7μm/m°C, calculate (a) the temperature at which the stress in the bar will be 30 MPa; and (b) the temperature at which the stress will be zero.

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Conduction and Convection

When energy travels from one object to another it is said to have undergone heat transfer. Heat transfer is nothing but the transfer of thermal energy or internal energy from one thing to another, like e.g., when a vessel with water, kept on top of a burner, heats up because of the flame underneath it.