A steam pipe of 120-mm outside diameter is covered with a 20-mm-thick layer of calcium silicate insulation (k = 0.089 W/m-K). The pipe surface temperature is 800 K, and the ambient air and surroundings temperatures are 300 K. The convection and radiation coefficients for the outer surface of the insulation are estimated as 5.5 W/m2 -K and 10 W/m2 -K, respectively. Determine the heat rate per unit length from the pipe (W/m) and the insulation outer surface temperature.

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