A solar water heating plant is using a flat-plate solar collector with an area  A of 28 m2. The collector is operating as follows: • Cold water temperature at the collector inlet Tin = 33°C • Hot water temperature at the collector outlet Tout = 57°C • Effective optical efficiency of the collector ηopt = 0.8 • Effective overall heat loss coefficient of the collector Uc,e = 3.9 W/m2K • Ambient air temperature Ta = 27°C • Solar radiation flux incident on the tilted collector surface Ic = 830 W/m2 • Isobaric specific heat of the water cp = 4187 J/(kg K)  Calculate (i) the useful heat output rate of the collector, and (ii) the water  mass flow rate in the collecto

Elements Of Electromagnetics
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Author:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.
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A solar water heating plant is using a flat-plate solar collector with an area 
A of 28 m2. The collector is operating as follows:
• Cold water temperature at the collector inlet Tin = 33°C
• Hot water temperature at the collector outlet Tout = 57°C
• Effective optical efficiency of the collector ηopt = 0.8
• Effective overall heat loss coefficient of the collector Uc,e = 3.9 W/m2K
• Ambient air temperature Ta = 27°C
• Solar radiation flux incident on the tilted collector surface Ic = 830 W/m2
• Isobaric specific heat of the water cp = 4187 J/(kg K)
 Calculate (i) the useful heat output rate of the collector, and (ii) the water 
mass flow rate in the collector.

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