A sample 0.750 g of peanut butter was burned in a calorimeter filled with 300.0 g of water. The heat released caused the temperature of the water to increase 14.6 degrees C. Note: heat capacity, C, of the water is 1.00 cal/g • degrees C. Calculate the caloric content of the peanut butter in nutritional calories per gram.
Thermochemistry
Thermochemistry can be considered as a branch of thermodynamics that deals with the connections between warmth, work, and various types of energy, formed because of different synthetic and actual cycles. Thermochemistry describes the energy changes that occur as a result of reactions or chemical changes in a substance.
Exergonic Reaction
The term exergonic is derived from the Greek word in which ‘ergon’ means work and exergonic means ‘work outside’. Exergonic reactions releases work energy. Exergonic reactions are different from exothermic reactions, the one that releases only heat energy during the course of the reaction. So, exothermic reaction is one type of exergonic reaction. Exergonic reaction releases work energy in different forms like heat, light or sound. For example, a glow stick releases light making that an exergonic reaction and not an exothermic reaction since no heat is released. Even endothermic reactions at very high temperature are exergonic.
![**Calorimetry Experiment: Determining the Caloric Content of Peanut Butter**
*A sample of 0.750 g of peanut butter was burned in a calorimeter filled with 300.0 g of water. The heat released caused the temperature of the water to increase by 14.6°C. Note: the heat capacity (C) of the water is 1.00 cal/g·°C.*
**Objective:**
Calculate the caloric content of the peanut butter in nutritional calories per gram. Remember, a nutritional calorie (C) is equivalent to 1 kilocalorie (kcal).
**Procedure:**
1. **Measure the Temperature Change:**
- Initial temperature of water increased by 14.6°C due to the combustion of peanut butter.
2. **Calculate Heat Absorbed by Water:**
- Use the formula:
\[
\text{Heat absorbed (cal)} = \text{mass of water (g)} \times \text{heat capacity (cal/g·°C)} \times \text{temperature change (°C)}
\]
3. **Convert to Nutritional Calories:**
- Remember: 1 nutritional calorie (C) = 1,000 regular calories (cal).
- Convert the calculated energy in calories to nutritional calories to determine the caloric content per gram of peanut butter.
**Conclusion:**
This experiment provides a practical application of calorimetry to determine the energy content in food, illustrating how energy transfer is measured and translated into caloric values that are familiar in dietary contexts.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F351a7ae2-f134-44cb-addc-9d610f701a4a%2Fa8d23577-95fb-4e16-aecd-9965876cbf87%2Fkglzrxk_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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