A rotating step shaft is loaded as shown, where the forces FA and F3 are constant at 600 lbf and 300 lbf. respectively, and the torque I alternates from 0 to 1800 lbf - in. The shaft is to be considered simply supported at points O and C, and is made of AISI 1045 CD steel with a fully corrected endurance limit of S₂ = 40 kpsi. Let Ky = 2.1 and K = 1.7. For a design factor of 2.5 determine the minimal acceptable diameter of section BC using the (a) DE-Gerber criterion. (b) DE-Goodman criterion. 6 in FA = 600 lbf 6 in FB = 300 lbf 10 in T, n Page 413

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Combined Loading

Any functioning component, such as machine parts, structural members, pressure vessels, and so on, are all under the influence of more than one force. When anybody is under the influence of more than one force such as shear forces, bending moments, axial forces, torsion, and so on, then such body is said to be under combined loading. A very practical example of combined loading is the crankshaft of an internal combustion engine (IC engine). The crankshaft of the IC engine is under high rpm, which is caused due to the torsional forces. Due to the presence of piston, counterbalances, and internal imbalances, the crankshaft experiences lateral forces and due to the rise in temperature, the crankshaft undergoes thermal expansion, which pulls the crankshaft along the axial direction and lateral direction. The presence of unbalanced loads along the periphery of the crankshaft also induces a bending moment.