A researcher would like to evaluate the effectiveness of a pain-relief patch designed for lower back pain. Prior to testing the patch, each of n = 8 patients rates the current level of back pain on a scale from 1 to 10. After wearing the patch for 90 minutes, a second pain rating is recorded. The data are as follows: Before After 6 2 8 3 9 4 8 1 10 2 5 3 9 8 7 7 Do the results indicate a significant difference? Use a two-tailed test with α=.05 compute cohens d to measure the size of the effect
Inverse Normal Distribution
The method used for finding the corresponding z-critical value in a normal distribution using the known probability is said to be an inverse normal distribution. The inverse normal distribution is a continuous probability distribution with a family of two parameters.
Mean, Median, Mode
It is a descriptive summary of a data set. It can be defined by using some of the measures. The central tendencies do not provide information regarding individual data from the dataset. However, they give a summary of the data set. The central tendency or measure of central tendency is a central or typical value for a probability distribution.
Z-Scores
A z-score is a unit of measurement used in statistics to describe the position of a raw score in terms of its distance from the mean, measured with reference to standard deviation from the mean. Z-scores are useful in statistics because they allow comparison between two scores that belong to different normal distributions.
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A researcher would like to evaluate the effectiveness of a pain-relief patch designed for lower back pain. Prior to testing the patch, each of n = 8 patients rates the current level of back pain on a scale from 1 to 10. After wearing the patch for 90 minutes, a second pain rating is recorded. The data are as follows:
| Before | After |
| 6 | 2 |
| 8 | 3 |
| 9 | 4 |
| 8 | 1 |
| 10 | 2 |
| 5 | 3 |
| 9 | 8 |
| 7 | 7 |
Do the results indicate a significant difference? Use a two-tailed test with α=.05
compute cohens d to measure the size of the effect
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