A researcher is studying the effect of parents' level of education on educationalachievement of individuals. Using data on completed years of education (educ), mother'slevel of education (motheduc), father's level of education (fatheduc), a measure of cognitiveability (abil), and logarithm of family income (l.income), the researcher estimates 4 models.Table (1) shows the OLS estimates for each model, with standard errors in parenthesesunderneath each coefficient. The dependent variable in all the models is educ.Model 1Model 2Model 3Model 4Independent variablesL.income(0.2)0.15motheduc0.270.180.17(0.02)(0.03)0.11(0.02)0.52(0.03)0.11(0.02)0.39(0.03)0.10(0.02)0.35fatheducabil0.53(0.03)0.09(0.01)8.74(0.03)(0.03)(0.03)0.05abil_squaredww(0.01)8.746.94(0.32)1230Intercept8.4(0.12)12303899.970.38Table (1)(0.31)1230(0.31)1210NSSRR-squared3999.243785.243541.20.350.450.49a. How the degrees of freedom in model (3) compare to the degrees of freedom inmodel (4)? Explain.b. Why did the coefficient of motheduc decrease after adding variable fatheduc to theregression? Discuss and if necessary, incorporate the Gauss-Markov assumptions inyour answer.

Here observing table and values we need to find two answers. i) how we can campare degrees of…

Answered: A researcher is studying the effect of…

A First Course in Probability (10th Edition)

10th Edition

ISBN:9780134753119

Author:Sheldon Ross

Publisher:Sheldon Ross

Chapter1: Combinatorial Analysis

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1.1P: a. How many different 7-place license plates are possible if the first 2 places are for letters and...

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People gain weight when they take in more energy from food than they expend. Researchers wanted to investigate the link between obesity and energy spent on daily activity. Choose 20 healthy volunteers who don't exercise. Deliberately choose 10 who are lean and 10 who are mildly obese but still healthy. Attach sensors that monitor the subjects' every move for 10 days. The table below presents data on the time (in minutes per day) that the subjects spent standing or walking, sitting, and lying down. Is there a significant difference between the mean times the two groups spend lying down? Let ?1 be the mean time spent lying down by the lean group, and ?2 be the mean time for the obese group. Time (minutes per day) spent in three different postures by leanand obese subjects Group Subject Stand/Walk Sit Lie Lean 1         509.100 366.300 554.500 Lean 2         603.925 374.512 452.650 Lean 3         322.212 580.138 533.362 Lean 4         581.644 362.144 489.269 Lean 5…
According to the CDC, cholesterol levels can be reduced by following a healthy diet, getting regular exercise, and reducing the amount of alcohol consumed on a weekly basis. One method of monitoring overall cholesterol levels is to calculate your cholesterol ratio (LDL/HDL), in general a cholesterol ratio between 3.5 and 5.0 is considered to be healthy for most adults. Suppose you are a clinical researcher testing the effects of these lifestyle changes on patient cholesterol levels. In order to determine if following these guidelines helps to reduce overall cholesterol, a total of 18 participants (N = 18) with moderate to high cholesterol ratios (i.e., 3.91 to > 5.0) were recruited for a healthy lifestyle study and their cholesterol ratio was calculated three times over a six week period: Week 0 (baseline), Week 3, and Week 6.  Using the variables "Week 0", "Week 3", and "Week 6" in the data set, conduct a One-Way, Within Subjects (AKA Repeated Measures) ANOVA, at α = 0.05, to see…
According to the CDC, cholesterol levels can be reduced by following a healthy diet, getting regular exercise, and reducing the amount of alcohol consumed on a weekly basis. One method of monitoring overall cholesterol levels is to calculate your cholesterol ratio (LDL/HDL), in general a cholesterol ratio between 3.5 and 5.0 is considered to be healthy for most adults. Suppose you are a clinical researcher testing the effects of these lifestyle changes on patient cholesterol levels. In order to determine if following these guidelines helps to reduce overall cholesterol, a total of 18 participants (N = 18) with moderate to high cholesterol ratios (i.e., 3.91 to > 5.0) were recruited for a healthy lifestyle study and their cholesterol ratio was calculated three times over a six week period: Week 0 (baseline), Week 3, and Week 6.  Using the variables "Week 0", "Week 3", and "Week 6" in the data set, conduct a One-Way, Within Subjects (AKA Repeated Measures) ANOVA, at α = 0.05, to see…
A researcher conducted a study of commitment to a romantic relationship and how much attention a person pays to attractive alternatives. In this study, participants were shown a set of slides of attractive individuals. At the start of the results section, the researcher notes, "The self-reports on the Attentiveness to Alternative Index and the time spent actually inspecting the attractive opposite-sex slides...were positively skewed, so logarithmic transformations of the data were performed." Explain what is being described here (and why it is being done) to a person who understands ordinary parametric statistics but has never heard of data transformations.Choose the correct answer below.A.The sampling distribution was not normal, so the logarithm was taken of each score to make the distribution more normal. This procedure was used because the distribution was very strongly skewed to the right. This procedure keeps the order of the scores the same, so hypothesis tests can be…
The toco toucan, the largest member of the toucan family, possesses the largest beak relative to body size of all birds. This exaggerated feature has received various interpretations, such as being a refined adaptation for feeding. However, the large surface area may also be an important mechanism for radiating heat (and hence cooling the bird) as outdoor temperature increases. The table contains data for beak heat loss, as a percentage of total body heat loss from all sources, at various temperatures in degrees Celsius. The data show that beak heat loss is higher at higher temperatures and that the relationship is roughly linear. [Note: The numerical values in this problem have been modified for testing purposes.] Temperature (oC)(oC) Percent heat loss from beak 1515 3434 1616 3535 1717 3333 1818 3333 1919 3535 2020 4848 2121 5454 2222 5252 2323 4545 2424 5050 2525 4444 2626 5454 2727 5959 2828 6262 2929 6464 3030 6161 Adapted from a graph in…
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Early life corresponds to the first bacterial colonization of the digestive tract, creating a microbiome thought to play an important role in human development. What might be the effect of early exposure to antibiotics on children's development? One study followed 11,532 full-term babies all born in the county of Avon, United Kingdom, during 1991 and 1992. Exposures to antibiotics during infancy were recorded, along with measures of body mass at regular intervals over several years. The researchers found that antibiotic exposure during the first six months of life was associated with increased body mass later in childhood.
Ankylosing spondylitis is an inflammatory disease which affects the spine and sacroiliac joint and can lead to the fusing of vertebrae in the spine. Exercise is important in helping manage pain, therefore a pharmaceutical company wanted to test if their new biologic would increase the time a patient could exercise before experiencing discomfort. The following table gives the time (in minutes) seven patients were able to exercise before reporting pain, both at baseline and then again after six months of taking the biologic.Exercise Time (in minutes)Subject 1 Baseline 30 Post-treatment 40Subject 245 40Subject 350 60Subject 435 37Subject 555 60Subject 620 25Subject 775 75Assume the population(s) of all exercise times is (are) normally distributed. Use JMP to test whether the evidence suggests that the time a person with ankylosing spondylitis can exercise before experiencing discomfort increases after taking this new biologic. Validate the test statistic from JMP by computing it manually.…
In 2015, over 30,00030,000 Americans died from opioid overdoses, and the number of inpatient stays and emergency visits to hospitals related to opiods increased dramatically compared to previous years. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) have partnered with the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) to gather data on opioid-related deaths and hospitalizations. These data include information about inpatient stays, emergency department visits, age, sex, income, and opiod-related use. For a given patient admitted to a hopsital for an opioid-related event, identify which of these events are disjoint.
An investigator wants to estimate the impact of smoking on the incidence of prostate cancer. The incidence of prostate cancer by the age of 70 is about 1 in 6 (17%) P2=0.17. U.S. study reporters that heavy smokers had twice the risk of developing prostate cancer as compared to nonsmokers (34%) P1=0.34. A repeat study in England, cohort enrolls men at age 50 and followed them for 30 years. Problem: Generste a 95% confidence level, assume a 20% attrition, and a margin of error of no more than 0.05 (5%) E=0.05
The relationship between United States unemployment and inflation rates during the Covid-19 pandemic. Background The covid-19 pandemic has led to higher unemployment rates in the United States than normal because many people were laid off jobs in response to the pandemic (Al-Fadly, 2020). It is important to analyze how such as sharp increase in unemployment affected inflation in relation to how unemployment have traditionally affected inflation. The overall relationship between unemployment and inflation has traditionally been an inverse one. It is argued that when unemployment rates are higher, the number of individuals who are looking for jobs usually becomes higher than the number of job positions that are available (Putnam & Azzarello, 2015). In such a situation, employers tend to pay lower wages because there is abundance of workers which naturally leads to a lower wage inflation. This study will examine the relationship between unemployment rates and inflation rate during…
A psychologist believes that the age of an adolescent will have an impact on the number of phone calls made to the opposite sex (in heterosexual people) over the course of one month. They also suspect that gender of the adolescent will have an impact on the number of phone calls made to the opposite sex. Using the hypothetical data provided below, run your analyses in R to test whether age and gender impacts the number of phone calls an adolescent makes. Gender (Binary) Girl Boy Age Young Adolescents (11-14) 7, 2, 3, 5, 3 1, 2, 3, 2, 1 Older Adolescents (15-18) 15, 26, 19, 21, 18 10, 8, 5, 16, 9 ( What kind of statistical analysis do you need to use and why? State the null and alternative hypotheses. Check your assumptions. Include screenshots of your R output and explain why each of them are or are not met. Using R, run your analysis and include a screenshot. Using R, run post-hoc tests and include a screenshot. What do you…

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