A rapid sand filter is provided in a water treatment plant for a population of 2 lakh. There are 6 filters used in it, each having a surface area 40 m². Depth of each bed is 0.5 m and its porosity is 0.5. For backwashing of each filter, water is used with a discharge of 0.3 m³/s and depth of bed expands to 0.55 m. If drag force coefficient of flow is 5 and specific gravity of sand filter particle is 2.65. The effective size of particle (in mm) is (Assume backflow is in transition)

A rapid sand filter is provided in a water treatment plant for a population of 2 lakh. There are 6 filters used in it, each having a surface area 40 m². Depth of each bed is 0.5 m and its porosity is 0.5. For backwashing of each filter, water is used with a discharge of 0.3 m³/s and depth of bed expands to 0.55 m. If drag force coefficient of flow is 5 and specific gravity of sand filter particle is 2.65. The effective size of particle (in mm) is (Assume backflow is in transition)

Structural Analysis

6th Edition

ISBN:9781337630931

Author:KASSIMALI, Aslam.

Publisher:KASSIMALI, Aslam.

Chapter2: Loads On Structures

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Concept explainers

Principles of Seepage

In hydrology, when water flows down in a pore or crack of unsaturated soil due to gravity, the deep layer of soil is called seepage. It is the slow movement of water in the soil layer. Seepage is mainly found near hydraulic structures and is responsible for the stability of earthen-type hydraulic structures.

Question

A rapid sand filter is provided in a water treatment plant for a population of 2 lakh. There
are 6 filters used in it, each having a surface area 40 m². Depth of each bed is 0.5 m and
its porosity is 0.5. For backwashing of each filter, water is used with a discharge of
0.3 m³/s and depth of bed expands to 0.55 m. If drag force coefficient of flow is 5 and
specific gravity of sand filter particle is 2.65. The effective size of particle (in mm) is
(Assume backflow is in transition)

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Determine the head loss for a clean filter bed using the Carman-Kozeny equation for a stratified bed with uniform porosity of 0.40. The rapid sand filter is made up of a 760 mm deep bed of sand, specific gravity of 2.65, shape factor (4) = 0.80, temperature of 10°C, and filtration rate of 1.70 liters per second per square meter (Lpsm²). A sieve analysis is presented below. Sieve # (1) 14-20 20-28 28-32 32-35 35-42 42-48 48-60 60-65 65-100 % Sand retained (Xij) (2) 0.44 14.33 43.22 27.07 9.76 4.22 0.54 0.29 0.13 100 dij (m x 10-4) (3) 10.0060 7.111 5.422 4.572 3.834 3.225 2.707 2.274 1.777
3. Using the settling curve provided and given information, a) Determine the solids loading in kg/m²/d. b) Calculate the overflow rate in m³/m²/d. c) Find the thickener surface area required in m². d) Determine the settling velocity of the particles (Ah/t). Assume that initial concentration is 1,500 mg/L, thickened concentration is 10,000 mg/L and flow of 2,500 m³/d. Interface height (m) 0.7 0.65 0.6 Settling Curve 0.55 0.5 0.45 0.4 0.35 0.3 0.25 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.05 0 0 10 20 20 30 40 Time (min) 50 50 8. 60 70 88 80
A treatment plant has a horizontal flow sedimentation basin with a depth of 5 m, width of 7.5m, length of 45 m, and process flow rate of 450 m3 /h. What removal percentage should be expected for particles that have settling velocities of 1.0 and 2.5 m/h? What is the minimum size of particles that would be completely removed? Assume the particle density is 2650 kg/m3.The water temperature is 15 oC.
The bed thickness of a speed sand filter is 1.3 m. A sand with a specific diameter of 0.8 mm and a specific gravity of 2600 kg / m3 will be used as filter material. The shape factor of the sand is 0.9 and the porosity of the clean bed is 0.45. The water layer thickness on the bed is 1.1 m. Average filtration speed is 130 m / day and maximum filtration speed is 180 m / day. The maximum flow rate is 24087 m3 / day and the kinematic viscosity of water is 1.01x10-6 m2 / sec. The maximum head loss in the filter is required to be 1.9 m and negative pressure is not allowed. a) Find the initial head loss of the filter bed. b) Find the required number of filters and the area of each filter in case 3 filters are in reserve. c) Calculate how many meters depth the pollution penetrates at the end of filtration.