A random sample of companies in electric utilities (I), financial services (II), and food processing (III) gave the following information regarding annual profits per employee (units in thousands of dollars). I II III 49.3 55.4 38.7 43.3 24.8 37.9 32.5 41.2 10.4 27.7 29.4 32.3 38.5 39.8 15.8 36.3   42.3 20.7     Shall we reject or not reject the claim that there is no difference in population mean annual profits per employee in each of the three types of companies? Use a 1% level of significance. (b) Find SSTOT, SSBET, and SSW and check that SSTOT = SSBET + SSW. (Use 3 decimal places.) SSTOT =   SSBET =   SSW =   Find d.f.BET, d.f.W, MSBET, and MSW. (Use 3 decimal places for MSBET, and MSW.) dfBET =   dfW =   MSBET =   MSW =   (c) Find the value of the sample F statistic. (Use 3 decimal places.) (d) What are the degrees of freedom? (e) Make a summary table for your ANOVA test.

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Types of Bias

Statistics is the study of data collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation. Statistical bias is a characteristic of a statistical technique or its findings in which the expected value deviates from the actual root quantitative parameter being estimated. According to the actual definition of bias, it refers to the tendency of a statistic to overestimate or underestimate a parameter.