A problem in dyeing fabrics is the degree of fastness of the dye to the fabric. Many of the early dyes were surface dyes; that is, they did not bond to the fabric, with the result that they tended to wash off after repeated laundering. Indigo, for example, which gives the blue color to blue jeans, is a surface dye. Color fastness can be obtained by bonding a dye to the fabric. The first such dyes were the so-called reactive dyes, developed in the 1930s for covalently bonding dyes containing-NH, groups to cotton, wool, and silk fabrics. In the first stage of the first-developed method for reactive dyeing, the dye is treated with cyanuric chloride, which links to the fabric through the amino group of the dye. The remaining chlorines are then displaced by the-OH groups of cotton (cellulose) or the-NH, groups of wool or silk (both proteins). CI -Cotton Dye-NH, Но-Сotton N' CI CI Dye-NH CI Dye-NH 'N. 0-Cotton Cyanuric chloride A reactive dye Dye covalently bonded to cotton Propose a mechanism for the displacement of a chlorine from cyanuric chloride by (a) the NH, group of a dye and (b) by an-OH group of cotton.

A problem in dyeing fabrics is the degree of fastness of the dye to the fabric. Many of the early dyes were surface dyes; that is, they did not bond to the fabric, with the result that they tended to wash off after repeated laundering. Indigo, for example, which gives the blue color to blue jeans, is a surface dye. Color fastness can be obtained by bonding a dye to the fabric. The first such dyes were the so-called reactive dyes, developed in the 1930s for covalently bonding dyes containing-NH, groups to cotton, wool, and silk fabrics. In the first stage of the first-developed method for reactive dyeing, the dye is treated with cyanuric chloride, which links to the fabric through the amino group of the dye. The remaining chlorines are then displaced by the-OH groups of cotton (cellulose) or the-NH, groups of wool or silk (both proteins). CI -Cotton Dye-NH, Но-Сotton N' CI CI Dye-NH CI Dye-NH 'N. 0-Cotton Cyanuric chloride A reactive dye Dye covalently bonded to cotton Propose a mechanism for the displacement of a chlorine from cyanuric chloride by (a) the NH, group of a dye and (b) by an-OH group of cotton.

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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