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- Why is the presentaion of corparate results increasingly accompanied by the presentation of a socially responsible bussines report. Provide 3 reasons27. Esther and Karin each own a polluting plant. Esther's plant has a marginal treatment cost = 5T ($5 for the 1st ton, 5(2)=$10 for the 2nd ton ...) and Karen's plant = 8T ($8 for the 1st ton, 8(2)=$16 for the 2nd ton .). Suppose that the government plans to levy pollution emission fees to reduce the total pollution by 20 tons. How much pollution emission fees ($) will need to be collected to meet the government's target? In the range of a. 50 to 59 b. 60 to 69 C. 70 to 79 d. 80 to 89Consider two firms with the following marginal abatement costs (MAC) functions: MAC1 = 25 - E1 MAC2 = 30 - 2E2 Assume that marginal external damages (MED) from the aggregate emissions of both firms (i.e., EA = E1+E2) is: MED = 2EA To achieve the socially efficient level of aggregate emissions (EA*) using a cap and trade (i.e., tradable permits) policy, the government should set the permit cap (i.e., total number of permits) equal to ____. Please round your answer to two decimal places if necessary.
- 4c i) Discuss the limitations of the Coasian approach to externalities 4cii) Discuss the strengths of the Coasian approach to externalitiesAn unregulated monopoly firm bottles a product called “Panacea”, a unique health product that has no substitutes. The monopoly firm has a marginal cost curve that follows the equation P = 50 + Q. The market demand for the product follows the equation P = 200 – Q. The firm currently sells 50 bottles per month at a price of $150. What is the socially efficient number of bottles of “Panacea” and at what price could the efficient number of bottles be sold? What is a method the government can use to correct the inefficiencies of a market? Explain how that method will improve the market’s outcome.Let's suppose a particular water pollutant causes K50 of damage per ton. Two sources emit the pollutant and each is currently generating 100 tons (total emissions = 200 tons). Source 1 is known to be able to reduce its emissions at a marginal cost given by MC1 = 1*Q1. Source 2's abatement costs are not certain. One possibility is that MC2 = 2*Q2 but it's also possible that MC2 5*Q2. It cannot be determined in advance which of the MC2 curves is correct. If it were certain that source 2 had the first marginal cost curve (MC2 = 2*Q2), calculate each of the following: W 1. the efficient total amount of abatement; 2. the amount of abatement that should be done by each source; 3. the emissions tax that would get to efficiency; 4. the quantity of permits that would achieve efficiency; and 5. the market-clearing price of a permit if a permit policy were used.
- Assume there are two types of polluting firms in California and they currently each release 50 units of pollution. Half of the firms have a marginal cost of pollution reduction equal to: MC = 2X (Type 1). The other half have a marginal cost of pollution reduction equal to: MC = 20 (Type 2). *X denotes the quantity of units reduced. If the government implemented a system of tradable permits and gave each firm 25 tradable pollution permits (25 permits allows them to pollute 25 units), what is the optimal allocation of permits to minimize the cost of pollution reduction? O Type 2 would sell 10 permits to Type 1 O Type 2 would sell 5 permits to Type 1 O Type 1 would sell 5 permits to Type 2 O Type 2 would sell 15 permits to Type 1 Type 1 would sell 10 permits to Type 2 O Type 1 would sell 15 permits to Type 2An example of a positive externality is:a) the profit made from the sale of electric vehicles b) the penalty paid by a coal mining company after it is caught illegally dumping toxic waste into a riverc) knowledge spillovers that result when a maker of microchips invests in research and developmentd) the price paid by an electricity company for an emission certificate on the European Trading Scheme, allowing it to emit a specified level of CO2There is a road between the suburbs and downtown. The road is congested at rush hour, so each. additional driver slows all of the other drivers down. In this question, we will calculate the cost of this negative externality. For simplicity, ignore all of the costs of using the road other than the cost of time. Assume that people value their time at $6 per hour (that is, $0.10 per minute). If 121 people use the road at rush hour, the trip takes 37 minutes. If one additional person enters the road, everyone would have to slow down and the trip would take one more minute for everyone. What is the monetary value of the time-loss that the additional driver imposes on the other drivers already on the road? * (Round your response to 1 decimal place, and do not include a dollar sign.)
- If a regulator underestimates the aggregate marginal abatement cost of an industry when determining the “efficient” level of emissions, the true efficient level of emissions will be? (higher, lower or same). Hint: construct a graph with AMAC and MD.It is discovered that production of painclear damages groundwater quality – this affects just one party: Greenview Nature Park (a park run by the local council which people can access, for free, for recreation). The value of the damage caused is £48 per litre of paint produced – so the pollution damage caused when output is 1 litre=£48, the 2 nd litre causes another £48 of damage, so pollution damage caused when output is 2 litres=£96. This damage happens and is the same whenever XY produces, whatever the level of output (same if it produces 1 litre of or 1 000 000 litres of painclear - each additional litre imposes an additional £48 of pollution costs). The drug has no side effects on consumers. (the clarifying information in red was added on 21/12/23) 1.Create and explain a new diagram which shows relevant costs, price and levels of output if XY produced the optimal quantity of painclear from a societal perspective. 2. Assume XY and Greenview can negotiate. Create and explain 2 new…4