A patient has been bitten by a snake. The snake venom contains a toxin that specifically targets nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Immediately after the venom enters the bloodstream the patient begins suffering from paralysis at their extremities. Question: which of the following statements best describes what is happening and why? O The snake venom competitively inhibits nAChRs, preventing acetylcholine from opening an ion channel that depolarizes the postsynaptic cell. O The toxin activates metabotropic receptors. G-proteins then activate CAMP that, in turn, acts upon second messenger pathways. O The toxin acts via presynaptic inhibition to prevent acetylcholine from entering the synaptic cleft. O All of the above.

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