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A Nation Begins to Divide Directions: Read the information and study the maps about the changes made in slave and free states as the result of legislation. Then answer the questions that follow. LAW S The Missouri Compromise, 1820 As new states were admitted to the Union, the ques- tion of maintaining a balance between slave and free states became more crucial. Under the 1820 Missouri Compromise, Missouri entered the Union as a slave state; Maine entered as a free state. The compromise established the 36°30' north latitude line as the bound- ary that would separate future free and slave states. States north of the line that already allowed slavery could remain slave states. However, among the new states, only those south of the line would be allowed to legalize slavery. Later, under the Compromise of 1850, California was admitted as a free state. Utah separated from New Mexico, and each was allowed to decide whether to have slavery or not. The compromise also abolished the slave trade in Washington, D.C., and enacted a stiff fugi- tive slave law to make easier for slaveholders to cap- ture runaway slaves. W The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 divided the Nebraska Territory into Kansas and Nebraska. It also provided for popular sovereignty, the practice of allow- ing residents to vote whether to legalize slavery in their territory or not. Explaining Graphic Information. 1. Between 1820 and 1854, which section of the country had the largest number of slave states? 2. What slave state is shown on the map of 1850 that did not exist in 1820? 3. What effect did the Kansas-Nebraska Act have on the Missouri Compromise? Predicting Outcomes 4. Based on the information provided on the maps, what decision do you think Kansas would make con- cerning slavery? Why? Copyright © McDougal, Lintell & Company COUN OREGON COUNT Compromise of 1850 UTAH TERR 36°30' UNORG WASH TERR. N. MEX TERR NEB. OREGON TERR KAN. DAILY ACTIVITY Chapter 13, Section 2 Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854 ARK TERE COUNTETERR. UTAH VERR N. MEX TERR INDIAN TERR. INDIAN TERR MAINE Free or gradual abolition Slave Decision left to people in territory 5. What decision do you think New Mexico would make? Explain your answer. 131

A Nation Begins to Divide Directions: Read the information and study the maps about the changes made in slave and free states as the result of legislation. Then answer the questions that follow. LAW S The Missouri Compromise, 1820 As new states were admitted to the Union, the ques- tion of maintaining a balance between slave and free states became more crucial. Under the 1820 Missouri Compromise, Missouri entered the Union as a slave state; Maine entered as a free state. The compromise established the 36°30' north latitude line as the bound- ary that would separate future free and slave states. States north of the line that already allowed slavery could remain slave states. However, among the new states, only those south of the line would be allowed to legalize slavery. Later, under the Compromise of 1850, California was admitted as a free state. Utah separated from New Mexico, and each was allowed to decide whether to have slavery or not. The compromise also abolished the slave trade in Washington, D.C., and enacted a stiff fugi- tive slave law to make easier for slaveholders to cap- ture runaway slaves. W The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 divided the Nebraska Territory into Kansas and Nebraska. It also provided for popular sovereignty, the practice of allow- ing residents to vote whether to legalize slavery in their territory or not. Explaining Graphic Information. 1. Between 1820 and 1854, which section of the country had the largest number of slave states? 2. What slave state is shown on the map of 1850 that did not exist in 1820? 3. What effect did the Kansas-Nebraska Act have on the Missouri Compromise? Predicting Outcomes 4. Based on the information provided on the maps, what decision do you think Kansas would make con- cerning slavery? Why? Copyright © McDougal, Lintell & Company COUN OREGON COUNT Compromise of 1850 UTAH TERR 36°30' UNORG WASH TERR. N. MEX TERR NEB. OREGON TERR KAN. DAILY ACTIVITY Chapter 13, Section 2 Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854 ARK TERE COUNTETERR. UTAH VERR N. MEX TERR INDIAN TERR. INDIAN TERR MAINE Free or gradual abolition Slave Decision left to people in territory 5. What decision do you think New Mexico would make? Explain your answer. 131

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Name Crises Lead to a Showdown Directions: Read the paragraphs below. Then answer the who, what, and when questions at the bottom of the page. You will then understand why the Southern states left the Union. • Dred Scott Decision-1857. Dred Scott was a slave who sued his master for freedom on the basis that he had lived with his master in a free state. Chief Jus- tice Roger Taney ruled against Scott, saying that African Americans were not citizens. The decision meant that slavery could exist in any territory of the United States. Economic Depression of 1857. In 1857 the national economy was depressed. Banks and businesses folded. The depression emphasized the enormous differences between the economies of the North and the South. Some people believed that slavery was holding back the economy of the South and that the South should be industrialized like the North. . • Lincoln-Douglas Senatorial Race-1858. Demo- crat Stephen Douglas was challenged by Republican Abraham Lincoln for the United States Senate. The two men held seven open-air debates. Most were on the issue of slavery in the territories. Douglas believed popular sovereignty would keep slavery out of the territories. Lincoln did not support slavery, but he was not an abolitionist. In Douglas's Freeport Doctrine, he acknowledged that slavery could not exist without laws to support it. Who 1. was the slave who sued his master for freedom but lost his case? 2. debated Stephen Douglas on the issue of slavery in the election for United States Senate in 1858? 3. was hanged for attacking the arsenal at Harpers Ferry? 4. was elected President in 1860? 5. was chosen President of the Confederacy? Chapter 13, Section 4 Copyright © McDougal, Littell & Company • John Brown Reappears-1859. With money from Boston abolitionists, John Brown attacked the feder- al arsenal at Harpers Ferry in Virginia. He wanted to start a slave uprising. Instead, federal troops under Colonel Robert E. Lee surrounded the arsenal. Brown surrendered. He was tried, found guilty of treason to Virginia, and hanged. • Election of Lincoln-1860. Four candidates ran for President in 1860. They were John Breckinridge of Kentucky, nominated by Southern Democrats; Stephen Douglas, nominated by Northern Dem- ocrats; John Bell of Tennessee, nominated by the Constitutional Union party; and Abraham Lincoln, nominated by the Republican party. Lincoln won with 40 percent of the popular vote-all from the Northern states. • Confederacy Formed-1861. Six weeks after the election of Lincoln, South Carolina seceded from the Union. Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas seceded shortly after. Repre- sentatives of these states met in 1861 and formed the Confederate States of America. Jefferson Davis was chosen President of the Confederacy. People in the North, having heard frequent threats of secession, were calm about what happened. What 6. emphasized the economic differences between the North and the South? 7. was the main issue in the Lincoln-Douglas debates? 8. was the first state to secede from the Union? When 9. was the Dred Scott case decided? 10. was the Confederate States of America formed? 151
Transcribed Image Text:Name Crises Lead to a Showdown Directions: Read the paragraphs below. Then answer the who, what, and when questions at the bottom of the page. You will then understand why the Southern states left the Union. • Dred Scott Decision-1857. Dred Scott was a slave who sued his master for freedom on the basis that he had lived with his master in a free state. Chief Jus- tice Roger Taney ruled against Scott, saying that African Americans were not citizens. The decision meant that slavery could exist in any territory of the United States. Economic Depression of 1857. In 1857 the national economy was depressed. Banks and businesses folded. The depression emphasized the enormous differences between the economies of the North and the South. Some people believed that slavery was holding back the economy of the South and that the South should be industrialized like the North. . • Lincoln-Douglas Senatorial Race-1858. Demo- crat Stephen Douglas was challenged by Republican Abraham Lincoln for the United States Senate. The two men held seven open-air debates. Most were on the issue of slavery in the territories. Douglas believed popular sovereignty would keep slavery out of the territories. Lincoln did not support slavery, but he was not an abolitionist. In Douglas's Freeport Doctrine, he acknowledged that slavery could not exist without laws to support it. Who 1. was the slave who sued his master for freedom but lost his case? 2. debated Stephen Douglas on the issue of slavery in the election for United States Senate in 1858? 3. was hanged for attacking the arsenal at Harpers Ferry? 4. was elected President in 1860? 5. was chosen President of the Confederacy? Chapter 13, Section 4 Copyright © McDougal, Littell & Company • John Brown Reappears-1859. With money from Boston abolitionists, John Brown attacked the feder- al arsenal at Harpers Ferry in Virginia. He wanted to start a slave uprising. Instead, federal troops under Colonel Robert E. Lee surrounded the arsenal. Brown surrendered. He was tried, found guilty of treason to Virginia, and hanged. • Election of Lincoln-1860. Four candidates ran for President in 1860. They were John Breckinridge of Kentucky, nominated by Southern Democrats; Stephen Douglas, nominated by Northern Dem- ocrats; John Bell of Tennessee, nominated by the Constitutional Union party; and Abraham Lincoln, nominated by the Republican party. Lincoln won with 40 percent of the popular vote-all from the Northern states. • Confederacy Formed-1861. Six weeks after the election of Lincoln, South Carolina seceded from the Union. Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas seceded shortly after. Repre- sentatives of these states met in 1861 and formed the Confederate States of America. Jefferson Davis was chosen President of the Confederacy. People in the North, having heard frequent threats of secession, were calm about what happened. What 6. emphasized the economic differences between the North and the South? 7. was the main issue in the Lincoln-Douglas debates? 8. was the first state to secede from the Union? When 9. was the Dred Scott case decided? 10. was the Confederate States of America formed? 151
A Nation Begins to Divide Directions: Read the information and study the maps about the changes made in slave and free states as the result of legislation. Then answer the questions that follow. PLAWS: The Missouri Compromise, 1820 As new states were admitted to the Union, the ques- tion of maintaining a balance between slave and free states became more crucial. Under the 1820 Missouri Compromise, Missouri entered the Union as a slave state; Maine entered as a free state. The compromise established the 36°30' north latitude line as the bound- ary that would separate future free and slave states. States north of the line that already allowed slavery could remain slave states. However, among the new states, only those south of the line would be allowed to legalize slavery. Later, under the Compromise of 1850, California was admitted as a free state. Utah separated from New Mexico, and each was allowed to decide whether to have slavery or not. The compromise also abolished the slave trade in Washington, D.C., and enacted a stiff fugi- tive slave law to make it easier for slaveholders to cap- ture runaway slaves. The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 divided the Nebraska Territory into Kansas and Nebraska. It also provided for popular sovereignty, the practice of allow- ing residents to vote whether to legalize slavery in their territory or not. Explaining Graphic Information 1. Between 1820 and 1854, which section of the country had the largest number of slave states? 2. What slave state is shown on the map of 1850 that did not exist in 1820? 3. What effect did the Kansas-Nebraska Act have on the Missouri Compromise? el Predicting Outcomes 4. Based on the information provided on the maps, what decision do you think Kansas would make con- cerning slavery? Why? Copyright © McDougal, Littell & Company OREGON COUNTR UTAH TERR INDIAN TERR. Compromise of 1850 WYZZ OREGON COUNTRY 36°30' OREGON COUNTRY UNORG TERR. N. MEX. TERR. UTAH TERR. WASH TERR NEB TERR. DAILY ACTIVITY Chapter 13, Section 2 Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854 KAN. TERR. N. MEX. TERR. MISSOURD doded w www ARK.TERR MINN TERR INDIAN TERR. TERR MINN. TERR SINDIAN TERR MAINE Free or gradual abolition Slave Decision left to people in territory 5. What decision do you think New Mexico would make? Explain your answer. 131
Transcribed Image Text:A Nation Begins to Divide Directions: Read the information and study the maps about the changes made in slave and free states as the result of legislation. Then answer the questions that follow. PLAWS: The Missouri Compromise, 1820 As new states were admitted to the Union, the ques- tion of maintaining a balance between slave and free states became more crucial. Under the 1820 Missouri Compromise, Missouri entered the Union as a slave state; Maine entered as a free state. The compromise established the 36°30' north latitude line as the bound- ary that would separate future free and slave states. States north of the line that already allowed slavery could remain slave states. However, among the new states, only those south of the line would be allowed to legalize slavery. Later, under the Compromise of 1850, California was admitted as a free state. Utah separated from New Mexico, and each was allowed to decide whether to have slavery or not. The compromise also abolished the slave trade in Washington, D.C., and enacted a stiff fugi- tive slave law to make it easier for slaveholders to cap- ture runaway slaves. The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 divided the Nebraska Territory into Kansas and Nebraska. It also provided for popular sovereignty, the practice of allow- ing residents to vote whether to legalize slavery in their territory or not. Explaining Graphic Information 1. Between 1820 and 1854, which section of the country had the largest number of slave states? 2. What slave state is shown on the map of 1850 that did not exist in 1820? 3. What effect did the Kansas-Nebraska Act have on the Missouri Compromise? el Predicting Outcomes 4. Based on the information provided on the maps, what decision do you think Kansas would make con- cerning slavery? Why? Copyright © McDougal, Littell & Company OREGON COUNTR UTAH TERR INDIAN TERR. Compromise of 1850 WYZZ OREGON COUNTRY 36°30' OREGON COUNTRY UNORG TERR. N. MEX. TERR. UTAH TERR. WASH TERR NEB TERR. DAILY ACTIVITY Chapter 13, Section 2 Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854 KAN. TERR. N. MEX. TERR. MISSOURD doded w www ARK.TERR MINN TERR INDIAN TERR. TERR MINN. TERR SINDIAN TERR MAINE Free or gradual abolition Slave Decision left to people in territory 5. What decision do you think New Mexico would make? Explain your answer. 131
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During the colonial period the Europeans had colonized America and had brought slaves from Africa. These people were later on known as the "African-Americans". With slavery the concept of racism had also took its birth in America. Even after independence of America from the European colonists it was still under the influence of slavery. By the 1860s this had led to the Civil War to abolish slavery.

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