A horizontal 150 mm diameter pipe in which 62 l/s of water are flowing contracts to 75 mm diameter. If the pressure in the 150 mm pipe is 275 kPa, calculate the magnitude and direction of the force exerted on the contraction.

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Graphical Methods

The graphical method is a method of solving equations involving more than one variable using the Cartesian coordinate system. In civil engineering, the use of the graphical method is limited to the problems involving two variables. The graphical method has a great impact in solving the questions regarding engineering mechanics.