A hard-bake process is used in conjunction with photolithography in semiconductor manufacturing. A random sample of size 25 is taken, and from the measurement of flow widths the sample mean and standard deviation are computed as 1.506 microns and 0.14 microns, respectively. The specification limits on flow width are 1.50 ± 0.50 microns and normally distributed. a) Find the proportions that are out of specifications.

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Estimation

A new framework of data analysis where the new statistical methods are used for interpreting the results and analyzing the data is known as estimation in statistics.