A group of researchers is studying the effects of different exercise programs on weight loss. E participant starts with lifting weights for thirty minutes five days a week for one month whil- tracking their weight. For the next month, the same participants are asked to run a mile each days a week while tracking their weight. What type of design is being used in this study?
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- According to the CDC, cholesterol levels can be reduced by following a healthy diet, getting regular exercise, and reducing the amount of alcohol consumed on a weekly basis. One method of monitoring overall cholesterol levels is to calculate your cholesterol ratio (LDL/HDL), in general a cholesterol ratio between 3.5 and 5.0 is considered to be healthy for most adults. Suppose you are a clinical researcher testing the effects of these lifestyle changes on patient cholesterol levels. In order to determine if following these guidelines helps to reduce overall cholesterol, a total of 18 participants (N = 18) with moderate to high cholesterol ratios (i.e., 3.91 to > 5.0) were recruited for a healthy lifestyle study and their cholesterol ratio was calculated three times over a six week period: Week 0 (baseline), Week 3, and Week 6. Using the variables "Week 0", "Week 3", and "Week 6" in the data set, conduct a One-Way, Within Subjects (AKA Repeated Measures) ANOVA, at α = 0.05, to see…According to the CDC, cholesterol levels can be reduced by following a healthy diet, getting regular exercise, and reducing the amount of alcohol consumed on a weekly basis. One method of monitoring overall cholesterol levels is to calculate your cholesterol ratio (LDL/HDL), in general a cholesterol ratio between 3.5 and 5.0 is considered to be healthy for most adults. Suppose you are a clinical researcher testing the effects of these lifestyle changes on patient cholesterol levels. In order to determine if following these guidelines helps to reduce overall cholesterol, a total of 18 participants (N = 18) with moderate to high cholesterol ratios (i.e., 3.91 to > 5.0) were recruited for a healthy lifestyle study and their cholesterol ratio was calculated three times over a six week period: Week 0 (baseline), Week 3, and Week 6. Using the variables "Week 0", "Week 3", and "Week 6" in the data set, conduct a One-Way, Within Subjects (AKA Repeated Measures) ANOVA, at α = 0.05, to see…1 (part 2). Does When Food Is Eaten Affect Weight Gain?A study was introduced that examined the effect of light at night on weight gain in mice. In the full study of 27 mice over a four-week period, the mice who had a light on at night gained significantly more weight than the mice with darkness at night, despite eating the same number of calories and exercising the same amount. Researchers noticed that the mice with light at night ate a greater percentage of their calories during the day (when mice are supposed to be sleeping). The computer output shown below allows us to examine the relationship between percent of calories eaten during the day, DayPct, and body mass gain in grams, BMGain. A scatterplot with regression line is also shown below (attached image).Pearson correlation of BMGain and DayPct =0.740P-Value =0.000--------------------------------------------------------------The regression equation isBMGain=1.11+0.127DayPct Predictor Coef SE Coef T P Constant 1.113 1.382…
- In addition to therapy, anti-depressant drugs are used in the treatment of depression. The data below are from a study comparing two anti-depressant drugs. A baseline measurement for symptomatic behavior for depression is taken. After treatment with medication, another measurement taken. The data given in the table is for improvement which is for the reduction in symptomatic behavior.Early life corresponds to the first bacterial colonization of the digestive tract, creating a microbiome thought to play an important role in human development. What might be the effect of early exposure to antibiotics on children's development? One study followed 11,532 full-term babies all born in the county of Avon, United Kingdom, during 1991 and 1992. Exposures to antibiotics during infancy were recorded, along with measures of body mass at regular intervals over several years. The researchers found that antibiotic exposure during the first six months of life was associated with increased body mass later in childhood.Some commercial airlines recirculate about half the air in the cabin during flights as a way to improve fuel efficiency. Other airlines make a policy of NOT recirculating the air and instead, have fresh air from the atmosphere constantly being inserted into the cabin with the “old” air being pumped out of the plane. A total of 1100 passengers flying from San Francisco to Denver were used for an experiment. After their flight, they were each given a list of symptoms associated with the common cold. They were asked to report if they experienced cold symptoms within 24 hours of the flight landing. Of the 517 passengers who flew on planes that recirculate the air, 108 reported post-flight cold symptoms. Of the 583 passengers who flew on airlines that do not use recirculation in the cabin, 110 reported symptoms. Suppose now that we want to use the recirculation of air data to explore “Goal #2”, which is to resolve a hypothesis test about . a) If we want to resolve this hypothesis…
- The EPA records data on the fuel economy of many different makes of cars. They are interested in determining if one could predict the mileage of the car (in miles per gallon) from the weight of the car (in pounds). What is the response variable to this study?Ankylosing spondylitis is an inflammatory disease which affects the spine and sacroiliac joint and can lead to the fusing of vertebrae in the spine. Exercise is important in helping manage pain, therefore a pharmaceutical company wanted to test if their new biologic would increase the time a patient could exercise before experiencing discomfort. The following table gives the time (in minutes) seven patients were able to exercise before reporting pain, both at baseline and then again after six months of taking the biologic.Exercise Time (in minutes)Subject 1 Baseline 30 Post-treatment 40Subject 245 40Subject 350 60Subject 435 37Subject 555 60Subject 620 25Subject 775 75Assume the population(s) of all exercise times is (are) normally distributed. Use JMP to test whether the evidence suggests that the time a person with ankylosing spondylitis can exercise before experiencing discomfort increases after taking this new biologic. Validate the test statistic from JMP by computing it manually.…Many young men in North America and Europe (but not in Asia) tend to think they need more muscle to be attractive. One study presented 200 young American men with 100 images of men with various levels of muscle. Researchers measure level of muscle in kilograms per square meter (kg/m2) of fat-free body mass. Typical young men have about 20 kg/m2. Each subject chose two images, one that represented his own level of body muscle and one that he thought represented "what 21 women prefer." The mean gap between self-image and "what women prefer" was 2.35 kg/m2. 99 Suppose that the "muscle gap" in the population of all young men has a Normal distribution with standard deviation 2.5 kg/m2. Give a 90% confidence interval for the mean amount of muscle young men think they should add to be attractive to women. (Enter your answers rounded to four decimal places.) lower limit 17.4125 kg/m2 upper limit = 17.8875 kg/m² Question Source: Moore, The Basic Practice Of Statistics, 8e Publisher: W.H. Free
- A study was developed to evaluate effectiveness of a weight loss diet plan. An ad was placed in two towns to locate study participants who were to follow the diet. In Town A, the clinicians asked each dieter to report how much weight they had lost over the previous 6 weeks while following the diet. In Town B, the clinicians weighed each dieter at the beginning of the study and again after 6 weeks on the diet program. The weight lost was calculated as the difference between the beginning weight and the weight after 6 weeks. At the end of the study, it was determined that Town B had lost significantly less weight than Town A. 1.What is the population of interest in this situation? 2. Identify source(s) of bias in this study.Can a person train to become better at holding their breath? An experiment was designed to find out. Twelve volunteers were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups. The 6 volunteers assigned to group 1 were given breath-holding exercises to perform for 2 weeks. The other group was not given any information about the experiment. At the end of the 2 weeks, all 12 volunteers were individually tested to determine how long they could hold their breath. Here are the data (in seconds). Group 1: 90, 88, 70, 110, 75, 105 Group 2: 40, 48, 35, 50, 55, 62 The researcher would like to determine if these data provide convincing evidence that the true mean amount of time volunteers who were given training held their breath is greater than volunteers without training. Let ₁ = the true mean amount of time that volunteers who were given training held their breath and ₂ = the true mean amount of time that volunteers without training held their breath. What are the appropriate hypotheses? Ho: U1 - U2 = 0, Ha:…1 (part 1). Does When Food Is Eaten Affect Weight Gain?A study was introduced that examined the effect of light at night on weight gain in mice. In the full study of 27 mice over a four-week period, the mice who had a light on at night gained significantly more weight than the mice with darkness at night, despite eating the same number of calories and exercising the same amount. Researchers noticed that the mice with light at night ate a greater percentage of their calories during the day (when mice are supposed to be sleeping). The computer output shown below allows us to examine the relationship between percent of calories eaten during the day, DayPct, and body mass gain in grams, BMGain. A scatterplot with regression line is also shown below (attached image).Pearson correlation of BMGain and DayPct =0.740P-Value =0.000--------------------------------------------------------------The regression equation isBMGain=1.11+0.127DayPct Predictor Coef SE Coef T P Constant 1.113 1.382…
