A gold-alloy microbeam attached to a silicon wafer behaves like a cantilever beam subjected to a uniform load (see figure). The beam has a length L= 24.5 um and rectangular cross section of a width b = 4.0 pm and thickness t = 0.88 pm. The total load on the beam is 14.9 uN. If the deflection at the end of the beam is 1.53 pm, what is the modulus of elasticity E, of the gold alloy (in GPa)? (Use the formulas of this example. The beam has constant flexural rigidity EI.

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Fluid Materials

In general terms, anything that flows can be termed as a fluid. In other words, a fluid is any substance that cannot resist shear forces and deforms continuously under the application of external shear forces. Fluid materials differ completely from solid materials such as metals and alloys. For instance, if we consider two infinitesimally small cross-sectional areas of fluid materials and solid materials, and apply shear forces to these elements, both the elements will undergo deformation. Upon releasing the shear force, the element of the solid materials will regain its original orientation, but the element of the fluid materials will keep on deforming continuously under the action of the shear force.