Q2)A filament 0.5m long and having a cross-sectional area of 1mm2 was stretched to breaking. If the breaking stress for the filament was found to be 109 Pa, calculate the mass which was hung on the filament to break it. Assuming the filament stretched linearly up to breaking, calculate the amount by which the filament stretched. (Young’s modulus for the material = 6 x 1010 Pa) If the assumption in (b) was justified, what might the material have been? State in one word.

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Fluid Materials

In general terms, anything that flows can be termed as a fluid. In other words, a fluid is any substance that cannot resist shear forces and deforms continuously under the application of external shear forces. Fluid materials differ completely from solid materials such as metals and alloys. For instance, if we consider two infinitesimally small cross-sectional areas of fluid materials and solid materials, and apply shear forces to these elements, both the elements will undergo deformation. Upon releasing the shear force, the element of the solid materials will regain its original orientation, but the element of the fluid materials will keep on deforming continuously under the action of the shear force.