(a) Complete the skeletons below to show the "best" Lewis diagrams for the reactants and products of each step. Include all missing lone pairs, bonds, and formal charges. (b) Use curved arrows to show the movement of electrons and show the bonds made and broken in each step. Hint: Can the changes in lone pairs and bonds help you decide where to draw an arrow? Na
Electronic Effects
The effect of electrons that are located in the chemical bonds within the atoms of the molecule is termed an electronic effect. The electronic effect is also explained as the effect through which the reactivity of the compound in one portion is controlled by the electron repulsion or attraction producing in another portion of the molecule.
Drawing Resonance Forms
In organic chemistry, resonance may be a mental exercise that illustrates the delocalization of electrons inside molecules within the valence bond theory of octet bonding. It entails creating several Lewis structures that, when combined, reflect the molecule's entire electronic structure. One Lewis diagram cannot explain the bonding (lone pair, double bond, octet) elaborately. A hybrid describes a combination of possible resonance structures that represents the entire delocalization of electrons within the molecule.
Using Molecular Structure To Predict Equilibrium
Equilibrium does not always imply an equal presence of reactants and products. This signifies that the reaction reaches a point when reactant and product quantities remain constant as the rate of forward and backward reaction is the same. Molecular structures of various compounds can help in predicting equilibrium.
![NAHCO3 (aq) + HCl (aq)
[1]
H₂CO3 (aq)
H₂O () + CO₂ (g)
[2]
The sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) in Alka-Seltzer reacts with hydrochloric acid (HCI) in the stomach to
form carbonic acid (H₂CO3) [1], which then rapidly breaks down to form carbon dioxide gas (CO₂) and
water (H₂O) [2]. In this procedure, you will react the antacid Alka-Seltzer with varying concentrations
of hydrochloric acid (to mimic varying levels of stomach acidity).
P2. The separate steps ([1] and [2]) that resulted in the overall reaction may give insight into the
reaction mechanism or the structural transformations that lead to the products. Lewis diagrams
and curved arrows are used to visualize the transformations.
(a) Complete the skeletons below to show the "best" Lewis diagrams for the reactants and products of
each step. Include all missing lone pairs, bonds, and formal charges.
(b) Use curved arrows to show the movement of electrons and show the bonds made and broken in
each step. Hint: Can the changes in lone pairs and bonds help you decide where to draw an arrow?
Na
Na
H-CI
O-
-O-H
H
H₂CO3 (aq)+ NaCl (aq)
-C-O-H
CI
Na
O—C—OH
H
Na
O
O C
O
CI
O-H
H
CI
[1]
[2]](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fefb7eefe-d8f4-452b-a894-07ee0947b610%2F0c5c7199-063b-4cb2-8930-277d89fa9fcc%2Fkvbudka_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
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