A common symptom of otitis media in young children is the prolonged presence of fluid in the middle ear, known as middle-ear effusion. The presence of fluid may result in temporary hearing loss and interfere with normal learning skills in the first 2 years of life. One hypothesis is that babies who are breastfed for at least 1 month build up some immunity against the effects of the infection and have less prolonged effusion than do bottle-fed babies. A small study of 24 pairs of babies is set up, in which the babies are matched on a one-to-one basis according to age, sex, socioeconomic status, and type of medications taken. One member of the matched pair is a breastfed baby, and the other member is a bottle-fed baby. The outcome variable is the duration of middle-ear effusion after the first episode of otitis media. The results are given in Table 9.11. 9.16 Test the hypothesis that the duration of effusion is different among breastfed babies than among bottle-fed babies using a nonparametric test

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A common symptom of otitis media in young children is the prolonged presence of fluid in the middle ear, known as middle-ear effusion. The presence of fluid may result in temporary hearing loss and interfere with normal learning skills in the first 2 years of life. One hypothesis is that babies who are breastfed for at least 1 month build up some immunity against the effects of the infection and have less prolonged effusion than do bottle-fed babies. A small study of 24 pairs of babies is set up, in which the babies are matched on a one-to-one basis according to age, sex, socioeconomic status, and type of medications taken. One member of the matched pair is a breastfed baby, and the other member is a bottle-fed baby. The outcome variable is the duration of middle-ear effusion after the first episode of otitis media. The results are given in Table 9.11.

9.16 Test the hypothesis that the duration of effusion is different among breastfed babies than among bottle-fed babies using a nonparametric test

TABLE 9.11 Duration of middle-ear effusion in
breastfed and bottle-fed babies
Duration of
Duration of
effusion in
effusion in
breastfed
bottle-fed
Pair number
baby (days)
baby (days)
1
20
18
2
11
35
3
3
7
4
24
182
7
6
6.
28
33
7
58
223
8.
7
7
39
57
10
17
76
11
17
186
12
12
29
13
52
39
14
14
15
15
12
21
16
30
28
17
7
8
18
15
27
19
65
77
20
10
12
21
7
22
19
16
23
34
28
24
25
20
Transcribed Image Text:TABLE 9.11 Duration of middle-ear effusion in breastfed and bottle-fed babies Duration of Duration of effusion in effusion in breastfed bottle-fed Pair number baby (days) baby (days) 1 20 18 2 11 35 3 3 7 4 24 182 7 6 6. 28 33 7 58 223 8. 7 7 39 57 10 17 76 11 17 186 12 12 29 13 52 39 14 14 15 15 12 21 16 30 28 17 7 8 18 15 27 19 65 77 20 10 12 21 7 22 19 16 23 34 28 24 25 20
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