A column 3 m high has a solid circular cross section and carries an axial load of 25,000 kN. The direct stress in the column is limited to 240 N/mm². E = 200 GPa and poisson's ratio = 0.25. Which of the following most nearly gives the increased in diameter due to this load in mm.

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Methods to Determine Vertical Stress

The load applied to the soil is transferred to the underground. The presence of water at soil pores and solid grains above the soil are the primary components that are responsible for the effective load transfer. Due to the load acting, the internal component of the soil or the underground formations undergoes deformations or a tectonic shift. The amount of deformation depends upon the amount of load acting on the soil surface, which indeed, depends on the weight of everything present above the soil. Due to this, the underground soil element develops internal stresses which try to resist the tectonic changes.