A closed cohort study was conducted to investigate whether or not diabetes increases the risk of heart disease. During the enrollment period over 3,000 individuals were interested in participating and were screened for eligibility. Of those, 2,556 were eligible and enrolled. 216 of the participants had diabetes and 2,340 did not have diabetes at time of enrollment. During the 20 year follow up period, among those who had diabetes, 26 developed coronary heart disease. Among those who did not have diabetes, 91 developed coronary heart disease. Question 1) Calculate and interpret the appropriate measure of disease occurrence and measure of association for this cohort study. Question 2) Calculate the Risk Difference to get an idea of how much risk of disease would be preventable if you "eliminate" diabetes. How do you interpret and communicate your findings? Based on establish knowledge about the etiology of disease, the investigators want to consider hypertension as a covariate and assess whether or not it could be a confounder. 708 individuals have hypertension and 1,848 do not have hypertension. Among those who have hypertension, 60 develop coronary heart disease and among those who do not have hypertension, 57 develop coronary heart disease. Among those who have diabetes, 136 have hypertension and among those who don´t have diabetes 572 have hypertension. Question 3) Assess whether or not hypertension meets the definition of confounding for the relationship between diabetes and coronary heart disease? Question 4) If you establish that hypertension may be a confounder, what is the next step? Question 5) What are the stratum specific RRs among those who have hypertension and those who do not have hypertension? HYPERTENSION: YES (n=708) 15 121 136 45 527 572 60 648 708 HYPERTENSION: NO (n=1,848 11 69 80 46 1722 1768 57 1791 1848 Question 6) What is your conclusion? Would you calculate an adjusted measure of association based on your findings in the stratified analysis? Why? / Why not?
A closed cohort study was conducted to investigate whether or not diabetes increases the risk of heart disease. During the enrollment period over 3,000 individuals were interested in participating and were screened for eligibility. Of those, 2,556 were eligible and enrolled. 216 of the participants had diabetes and 2,340 did not have diabetes at time of enrollment. During the 20 year follow up period, among those who had diabetes, 26 developed coronary heart disease. Among those who did not have diabetes, 91 developed coronary heart disease.
Question 1) Calculate and interpret the appropriate measure of disease occurrence and measure of association for this cohort study.
Question 2) Calculate the Risk Difference to get an idea of how much risk of disease would be preventable if you "eliminate" diabetes. How do you interpret and communicate your findings?
Based on establish knowledge about the etiology of disease, the investigators want to consider hypertension as a
Question 3) Assess whether or not hypertension meets the definition of confounding for the relationship between diabetes and coronary heart disease?
Question 4) If you establish that hypertension may be a confounder, what is the next step?
Question 5) What are the stratum specific RRs among those who have hypertension and those who do not have hypertension?
HYPERTENSION: YES (n=708)
| 15 | 121 | 136 |
| 45 | 527 | 572 |
| 60 | 648 | 708 |
HYPERTENSION: NO (n=1,848
| 11 | 69 | 80 |
| 46 | 1722 | 1768 |
| 57 | 1791 | 1848 |
Question 6) What is your conclusion? Would you calculate an adjusted measure of association based on your findings in the stratified analysis? Why? / Why not?
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