A box is pressed against a horizontal spring, compressing the spring from its relaxed length. The box is then released and the spring launches the box horizontally along a track that ends in a ramp, as shown above. The box has enough speed to leave the ramp, and the box reaches a maximum vertical height above the floor. Assume there is negligible friction between the box and the track and air resistance is negligible. K = spring constant of spring X = distance the spring is compressed M = mass box Theta = angle of ramp from horizontal H = maximum height reached by box Two students are discussing the work done on the system consisting of only the box between the instant just before the spring begins accelerating the box and the instant the box reaches the end of the ramp. The students make the following statements. QUESTION: Which of the following statements (1,2,3,4) are correct? Which are incorrect? At first the mechanical energy of the system increases because the spring does positive work on the system. 2. Then, the mechanical energy of the system increases again as the box travels up the ramp because the box’s potential energy increases. 3.The mechanical energy of the system remains constant while the spring pushes the box because the work done on the box by the spring cancels the work done by the spring on the box. 4. Then, when the block is on the ramp, the mechanical energy of the system decreases because the box slows down.
Kinematics
A machine is a device that accepts energy in some available form and utilizes it to do a type of work. Energy, work, or power has to be transferred from one mechanical part to another to run a machine. While the transfer of energy between two machine parts, those two parts experience a relative motion with each other. Studying such relative motions is termed kinematics.
Kinetic Energy and Work-Energy Theorem
In physics, work is the product of the net force in direction of the displacement and the magnitude of this displacement or it can also be defined as the energy transfer of an object when it is moved for a distance due to the forces acting on it in the direction of displacement and perpendicular to the displacement which is called the normal force. Energy is the capacity of any object doing work. The SI unit of work is joule and energy is Joule. This principle follows the second law of Newton's law of motion where the net force causes the acceleration of an object. The force of gravity which is downward force and the normal force acting on an object which is perpendicular to the object are equal in magnitude but opposite to the direction, so while determining the net force, these two components cancel out. The net force is the horizontal component of the force and in our explanation, we consider everything as frictionless surface since friction should also be calculated while called the work-energy component of the object. The two most basics of energy classification are potential energy and kinetic energy. There are various kinds of kinetic energy like chemical, mechanical, thermal, nuclear, electrical, radiant energy, and so on. The work is done when there is a change in energy and it mainly depends on the application of force and movement of the object. Let us say how much work is needed to lift a 5kg ball 5m high. Work is mathematically represented as Force ×Displacement. So it will be 5kg times the gravitational constant on earth and the distance moved by the object. Wnet=Fnet times Displacement.
A box is pressed against a horizontal spring, compressing the spring from its relaxed length. The box is then released and the spring launches the box horizontally along a track that ends in a ramp, as shown above. The box has enough speed to leave the ramp, and the box reaches a maximum vertical height above the floor. Assume there is negligible friction between the box and the track and air resistance is negligible.
K = spring constant of spring
X = distance the spring is compressed
M = mass box
Theta = angle of ramp from horizontal
H = maximum height reached by box
Two students are discussing the work done on the system consisting of only the box between the instant just before the spring begins accelerating the box and the instant the box reaches the end of the ramp. The students make the following statements.
QUESTION: Which of the following statements (1,2,3,4) are correct? Which are incorrect?
- At first the mechanical energy of the system increases because the spring does positive work on the system. 2. Then, the mechanical energy of the system increases again as the box travels up the ramp because the box’s potential energy increases.
3.The mechanical energy of the system remains constant while the spring pushes the box because the work done on the box by the spring cancels the work done by the spring on the box. 4. Then, when the block is on the ramp, the mechanical energy of the system decreases because the box slows down.
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