Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
Related questions
Question
. Give the major product or products of the following reactions. If there is more than one product indicate the major product. Give the IUPAC names of all reactants products.
![### Chemical Reaction Mechanisms: Alcohol to Alkyl Halide Conversions
In the image, we are presented with several reactions illustrating the conversion of alcohols into alkyl halides using different reagents. Below is a transcription and analysis of these reactions:
#### Reaction (a)
- **Reactant**: 2-Butanol
- **Reagent**: HBr
- **Product**: Alkyl bromide (formed by replacing the hydroxyl group with a bromine atom).
#### Reaction (b)
- **Reactant**: Cyclohexanol
- **Reagent**: PBr₃ (Phosphorus tribromide)
- **Product**: Bromocyclohexane (formation of an alkyl bromide).
#### Reaction (c)
- **Reactant**: Cyclopentanol
- **Reagent**: SOCl₂ (Thionyl chloride)
- **Product**: Chlorocyclopentane (formation of an alkyl chloride).
#### Reaction (d)
- **Reactant**: Cyclohexanol
- **Reagent**: HCl
- **Product**: Chlorocyclohexane (formation of an alkyl chloride).
#### Reaction (e)
- **Reactant**: 2-Methylcyclohexanol
- **Reagent**: PI₂
- **Product**: Iodo compound (formation of an alkyl iodide).
#### Reaction (f)
- **Reactant**: 2-Methylpentanol
- **Reagent**: SOCl₂
- **Product**: Alkyl chloride (formed by replacing the hydroxyl group with a chlorine atom).
#### Reaction (g)
- **Reactant**: Bicyclo[2,2,1]heptan-2-ol (Norbornanol)
- **Reagent**: HCl
- **Product**: Bridgehead halide (formed by replacing the hydroxyl group with a chlorine atom).
### Explanation of Reactions
Each reaction illustrates a common method for converting an alcohol into a more reactive halide form. The reagents used, such as HBr, PBr₃, SOCl₂, and PI₂, act to replace the hydroxyl group (OH) with a halogen (Br, Cl, or I), facilitating further chemical transformations or improving reaction rates for downstream processes.
1. **HBr & HCl**: Direct](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F87945852-c55f-4bf1-8c03-db1bb4947517%2F4d0db46d-2d4d-45eb-91ec-d36ceff9c38d%2Fa9pqiib_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:### Chemical Reaction Mechanisms: Alcohol to Alkyl Halide Conversions
In the image, we are presented with several reactions illustrating the conversion of alcohols into alkyl halides using different reagents. Below is a transcription and analysis of these reactions:
#### Reaction (a)
- **Reactant**: 2-Butanol
- **Reagent**: HBr
- **Product**: Alkyl bromide (formed by replacing the hydroxyl group with a bromine atom).
#### Reaction (b)
- **Reactant**: Cyclohexanol
- **Reagent**: PBr₃ (Phosphorus tribromide)
- **Product**: Bromocyclohexane (formation of an alkyl bromide).
#### Reaction (c)
- **Reactant**: Cyclopentanol
- **Reagent**: SOCl₂ (Thionyl chloride)
- **Product**: Chlorocyclopentane (formation of an alkyl chloride).
#### Reaction (d)
- **Reactant**: Cyclohexanol
- **Reagent**: HCl
- **Product**: Chlorocyclohexane (formation of an alkyl chloride).
#### Reaction (e)
- **Reactant**: 2-Methylcyclohexanol
- **Reagent**: PI₂
- **Product**: Iodo compound (formation of an alkyl iodide).
#### Reaction (f)
- **Reactant**: 2-Methylpentanol
- **Reagent**: SOCl₂
- **Product**: Alkyl chloride (formed by replacing the hydroxyl group with a chlorine atom).
#### Reaction (g)
- **Reactant**: Bicyclo[2,2,1]heptan-2-ol (Norbornanol)
- **Reagent**: HCl
- **Product**: Bridgehead halide (formed by replacing the hydroxyl group with a chlorine atom).
### Explanation of Reactions
Each reaction illustrates a common method for converting an alcohol into a more reactive halide form. The reagents used, such as HBr, PBr₃, SOCl₂, and PI₂, act to replace the hydroxyl group (OH) with a halogen (Br, Cl, or I), facilitating further chemical transformations or improving reaction rates for downstream processes.
1. **HBr & HCl**: Direct
Expert Solution
This question has been solved!
Explore an expertly crafted, step-by-step solution for a thorough understanding of key concepts.
This is a popular solution!
Trending now
This is a popular solution!
Step by step
Solved in 4 steps with 2 images
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Recommended textbooks for you
Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781305957404
Author:
Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:
Cengage Learning
Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781259911156
Author:
Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby Professor
Publisher:
McGraw-Hill Education
Principles of Instrumental Analysis
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781305577213
Author:
Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. Crouch
Publisher:
Cengage Learning
Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781305957404
Author:
Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:
Cengage Learning
Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781259911156
Author:
Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby Professor
Publisher:
McGraw-Hill Education
Principles of Instrumental Analysis
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781305577213
Author:
Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. Crouch
Publisher:
Cengage Learning
Organic Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:
9780078021558
Author:
Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.
Publisher:
McGraw-Hill Education
Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781305079373
Author:
William L. Masterton, Cecile N. Hurley
Publisher:
Cengage Learning
Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind…
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781118431221
Author:
Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. Bullard
Publisher:
WILEY