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(a) (b) (c) (d) Br top or bottom? Explain why. CI CI + CH3OH + CH₂OH OTS + NaSH OTS + NaSH + NaCN Br + NaOH + CH3NH₂ + CH3NH₂ CH3OH SN2 H₂O SN² SN1 SN1 CH3CN SN2 H₂O SN² SN2 SN² LOCH 3 -OCH3 SH SH + NaOTs CN + Nal + HCI + NaOTS OH + Nal + HCI NH2 lucting

(a) (b) (c) (d) Br top or bottom? Explain why. CI CI + CH3OH + CH₂OH OTS + NaSH OTS + NaSH + NaCN Br + NaOH + CH3NH₂ + CH3NH₂ CH3OH SN2 H₂O SN² SN1 SN1 CH3CN SN2 H₂O SN² SN2 SN² LOCH 3 -OCH3 SH SH + NaOTs CN + Nal + HCI + NaOTS OH + Nal + HCI NH2 lucting

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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In the following nucleophilic substitution reaction, does the top or bottom have the higher reaction rate. Why?
The image presents a series of chemical reactions that illustrate examples of nucleophilic substitution reactions. The reactions are categorized into different mechanisms, specifically SN1 and SN2. Each section (a, b, c, d) represents different examples: (a) **SN1 Reactions** 1. Cyclohexyl chloride reacting with methanol to form methoxycyclohexane and hydrochloric acid. 2. A similar reaction with a slightly different cyclohexyl structure, also forming methoxycyclohexane and hydrochloric acid. In both cases, the leaving group is chloride, and the nucleophile is methanol. (b) **SN2 Reactions** 1. A primary alkyl tosylate reacts with sodium hydrosulfide in methanol, yielding an alkylthiol and sodium tosylate. 2. The same alkyl tosylate reacts with sodium hydrosulfide in acetonitrile, leading to the same products. In these reactions, the tosylate group acts as the leaving group, and hydrosulfide is the nucleophile. (c) **SN2 Reactions** 1. Iodomethane reacts with sodium cyanide in water to produce methanol and sodium iodide. 2. Iodomethane with sodium hydroxide also yields methanol, along with sodium iodide. The leaving group here is iodide, and the nucleophiles are cyanide and hydroxide ions, respectively. (d) **SN2 Reactions** 1. 1-Bromo-2-methylpropane reacts with methylamine, forming a substituted amine and releasing a bromide ion. 2. 1-Bromobutane and methylamine yield a different substituted amine and bromide ion. In these cases, the bromide acts as the leaving group, and methylamine serves as the nucleophile. The image visually demonstrates the structures and molecular changes involved in these substitution reactions.
Transcribed Image Text:The image presents a series of chemical reactions that illustrate examples of nucleophilic substitution reactions. The reactions are categorized into different mechanisms, specifically SN1 and SN2. Each section (a, b, c, d) represents different examples: (a) **SN1 Reactions** 1. Cyclohexyl chloride reacting with methanol to form methoxycyclohexane and hydrochloric acid. 2. A similar reaction with a slightly different cyclohexyl structure, also forming methoxycyclohexane and hydrochloric acid. In both cases, the leaving group is chloride, and the nucleophile is methanol. (b) **SN2 Reactions** 1. A primary alkyl tosylate reacts with sodium hydrosulfide in methanol, yielding an alkylthiol and sodium tosylate. 2. The same alkyl tosylate reacts with sodium hydrosulfide in acetonitrile, leading to the same products. In these reactions, the tosylate group acts as the leaving group, and hydrosulfide is the nucleophile. (c) **SN2 Reactions** 1. Iodomethane reacts with sodium cyanide in water to produce methanol and sodium iodide. 2. Iodomethane with sodium hydroxide also yields methanol, along with sodium iodide. The leaving group here is iodide, and the nucleophiles are cyanide and hydroxide ions, respectively. (d) **SN2 Reactions** 1. 1-Bromo-2-methylpropane reacts with methylamine, forming a substituted amine and releasing a bromide ion. 2. 1-Bromobutane and methylamine yield a different substituted amine and bromide ion. In these cases, the bromide acts as the leaving group, and methylamine serves as the nucleophile. The image visually demonstrates the structures and molecular changes involved in these substitution reactions.
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