A = all of the dominant alleles for a particular trait in a specific population; a = all of the recessive alleles for a particular trait in a specific population In the following equations "A" is represented by "p" "a" is represented by "q" Hardy Weinberg equations: p+q=1.0 (100% of the alleles for this trait in the population) Explanation of terminology: px p=p² 2xpxq=2pq qxq=q² p² + 2pq+q²= 1.0 (Don't panic! You can do this!) Allele distributions in Generation 1: 36 homozygous dominant individuals 13 heterozygous individuals 1 homozygous recessive individual There are 50 individuals in this particular population. We want to see if allele distributions change from generation to generation. We will use the Hardy Weinberg equations to find out. Due to migration and random mating of the parent generation, the percentage of homozygous recessive genotypes in Generation 2 offspring increases, changing_"a" to 40%, so a = 40 If "a" = .40, and "a"=q, then q = How many of these 50 offspring are homozygous dominant, heterozygous, or homozygous recessive? Formula: Translation: Substitute numbers: Work out numbers: Remember that p + q = 1.0 If q = ,then p must = " p² = 2pq= q² p² + 2pq+q² = 1.0 (100%) (pxp) + (2xpxq) + (qxq) = 1.0 (100%) (x) + (2x x ) + ( x ) = 1.0 (100%) + + (p) (2pq) = 1.0 (100%) (9²) % x 50 people in the population % x 50 people in the population % x 50 people in the population = = homozygous dominant people (AA) heterozygous people (Aa) homozygous recessive people (aa) Compare the allele distribution in Generation 1 with the allele distribution in Generation 2 (above). Has microevolution occurred? How do you know?
A = all of the dominant alleles for a particular trait in a specific population; a = all of the recessive alleles for a particular trait in a specific population In the following equations "A" is represented by "p" "a" is represented by "q" Hardy Weinberg equations: p+q=1.0 (100% of the alleles for this trait in the population) Explanation of terminology: px p=p² 2xpxq=2pq qxq=q² p² + 2pq+q²= 1.0 (Don't panic! You can do this!) Allele distributions in Generation 1: 36 homozygous dominant individuals 13 heterozygous individuals 1 homozygous recessive individual There are 50 individuals in this particular population. We want to see if allele distributions change from generation to generation. We will use the Hardy Weinberg equations to find out. Due to migration and random mating of the parent generation, the percentage of homozygous recessive genotypes in Generation 2 offspring increases, changing_"a" to 40%, so a = 40 If "a" = .40, and "a"=q, then q = How many of these 50 offspring are homozygous dominant, heterozygous, or homozygous recessive? Formula: Translation: Substitute numbers: Work out numbers: Remember that p + q = 1.0 If q = ,then p must = " p² = 2pq= q² p² + 2pq+q² = 1.0 (100%) (pxp) + (2xpxq) + (qxq) = 1.0 (100%) (x) + (2x x ) + ( x ) = 1.0 (100%) + + (p) (2pq) = 1.0 (100%) (9²) % x 50 people in the population % x 50 people in the population % x 50 people in the population = = homozygous dominant people (AA) heterozygous people (Aa) homozygous recessive people (aa) Compare the allele distribution in Generation 1 with the allele distribution in Generation 2 (above). Has microevolution occurred? How do you know?
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
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Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
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Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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Evolutionary Genetics
Evolution is known as continuous changes that occur to adjust organisms in their changing environment over many generations. Various theories have been proposed to illustrate the origin of life and organic evolution. The most accepted one is the theory of natural selection by Charles Darwin. According to his postulate, organisms undergo a struggle for existence due to overproduction. To survive in nature, they acquire variations. The inheritable variations are selected by nature, and it leads to the survival of the fittest.
Phenotype Frequency
The majority of populations have a certain degree of variation in their genetic pools. Scientists can predict the genetic variation happening over time by measuring the amount of genetic variation in a population and these predictions assist them in gaining important insights into the processes that allow organisms to adapt to the environment or to develop into new species over generations. This process is referred to as the process of evolution.
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium
The frequencies of allele and genotype were maintained constant from one generation to another due to the absence of other evolutionary forces. It is otherwise called the Hardy Weinberg principle the field of population genetics.
Question
Transcribed Image Text:1₁
F3
8
A = all of the dominant alleles for a particular trait in a specific population;
a = all of the recessive alleles for a particular trait in a specific population
In the following equations "A" is represented by "p" "a" is represented by "q"
Hardy Weinberg equations:
Allele distributions in Generation 1: 36 homozygous dominant individuals
13 heterozygous individuals
1 homozygous recessive individual
Explanation of terminology: px p=p²
There are 50 individuals in this particular population. We want to see if allele distributions change from
generation to generation. We will use the Hardy Weinberg equations to find out.
Due to migration and random mating of the parent generation, the percentage of homozygous recessive
genotypes in Generation 2 offspring increases, changing_"a" to 40%, so a = 40
If "a" = .40, and "a"=q, then q =
$
Remember that p + q = 1.0
If q, then p must =
How many of these 50 offspring are homozygous dominant, heterozygous, or homozygous recessive?
p² + 2pq+q²= 1.0 (100%)
Formula:
Translation:
(pxp) + (2xpxq) + (qxq) = 1.0 (100%)
Substitute numbers: (x) + (2x) + ( x ) = 1.0 (100%)
Work out numbers:
p² =
2pq=
q² =
p+q=1.0 (100% of the alleles for this trait in the population)
2xpxq=2pq qxq=q²
p²+2pq+q 1.0 (Don't panic! You can do this!)
F4
-
DII
Compare the allele distribution in Generation 1 with the allele distribution in Generation 2 (above).
Has microevolution occurred? How do you know?
%
+
+
= 1.0 (100%)
(p²) (2pq) (9²)
% x 50 people in the population =
% x 50 people in the population =
% x 50 people in the population =
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heterozygous people (Aa)
homozygous recessive people (aa)
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