A 63-year-old woman presented with increasing darkening of the skin, dizziness, and easy fatigability, nausea with occasional vomiting and progressive weight loss over eight months prior to presentation. There were no headaches, blurred vision, and neither loss of consciousness nor change in her bowel habit. The medical history and systemic review revealed no abnormality and were not significant as to the likely cause of her disease state. Physical examination revealed an elderly lady, pale, asthenic with generalized hyperpigmentation especially on the face, oral mucosa, palmar creases and knuckles. No features of malnutrition or hypovitaminosis. There was no significant peripheral lymphadenopathy. Main findings in the systemic examination were a pulse of 106 bpm, regular and small; blood pressure 100/60 mmHg supine and 70/40mmHg sitting. She could not stand on account of severe postural dizziness. The apex beat was normal. Fundoscopy revealed a normal fundus. All other systems were essentially normal. A clinical assessment of Addison’s disease to exclude paraneoplastic syndrome was made. Laboratory investigations and results are shown in Table 1. Of note are the anaemia (haemoglobin10gm/dl), with normal red cell morphology; ESR 58mm/hr (Westergreen method); fasting blood sugar was 76mg% and total serum protein of 7.8g/L (albumin-3.4g/L and globulin 4.4g/L). Plasma cortisol was undetectable at 0 and 30 minutes of cosyntropin administration (0.25 mg). Plasma rennin and aldosterone activity could not be estimated. HIV screening was negative (HIV 1 & II) Radiological diagnostic tests included an abdominal ultrasound, which was reported as showing normal liver, spleen, pancreas and pelvic organs. However, the left kidney was not outlined. A computerised tomography scan (CT) of the abdomen showed a non-enhancing oval shaped left suprarenal mass with calcification and an ipsilateral hypoplastic but functional left kidney. There was neither ascites nor significant abdominal lymph nodes. The conclusion was a suprarenal tumour-adenoma or adrenocortical carcinoma to exclude tuberculous adrenalitis. A CT brain scan was normal. In view of the CT abdominal findings suggestive of adrenal tuberculosis, and ESR 58mm/hr, she was commenced on anti-tuberculous drugs. Ten days after admission, she had nausea, vomiting, fever with chills and extreme lethargy. Cardiovascular examination showed a tachycardia, low volume pulse, BP 70/40 mmHg and blood film showed trophozoites of plasmodium falciparum. Blood cultures done thrice revealed no growth. She was managed with intravenous fluids (dextrose in saline), antimalarials, antibiotics and hydrocortisone. She made remarkable recovery and was maintained on oral prednisolone and fludrocortisone. Create a Nursing Care Plan focusing on the possible adverse effect of administering specific medication based on the case of the patient.

Phlebotomy Essentials
6th Edition
ISBN:9781451194524
Author:Ruth McCall, Cathee M. Tankersley MT(ASCP)
Publisher:Ruth McCall, Cathee M. Tankersley MT(ASCP)
Chapter1: Phlebotomy: Past And Present And The Healthcare Setting
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A 63-year-old woman presented with increasing darkening of the skin, dizziness, and easy fatigability, nausea with occasional vomiting and progressive weight loss over eight months prior to presentation. There were no headaches, blurred vision, and neither loss of consciousness nor change in her bowel habit. The medical history and systemic review revealed no abnormality and were not significant as to the likely cause of her disease state. Physical examination revealed an elderly lady, pale, asthenic with generalized hyperpigmentation especially on the face, oral mucosa, palmar creases and knuckles. No features of malnutrition or hypovitaminosis. There was no significant peripheral lymphadenopathy. Main findings in the systemic examination were a pulse of 106 bpm, regular and small; blood pressure 100/60 mmHg supine and 70/40mmHg sitting. She could not stand on account of severe postural dizziness. The apex beat was normal. Fundoscopy revealed a normal fundus. All other systems were essentially normal. A clinical assessment of Addison’s disease to exclude paraneoplastic syndrome was made. Laboratory investigations and results are shown in Table 1. Of note are the anaemia (haemoglobin10gm/dl), with normal red cell morphology; ESR 58mm/hr (Westergreen method); fasting blood sugar was 76mg% and total serum protein of 7.8g/L (albumin-3.4g/L and globulin 4.4g/L). Plasma cortisol was undetectable at 0 and 30 minutes of cosyntropin administration (0.25 mg). Plasma rennin and aldosterone activity could not be estimated. HIV screening was negative (HIV 1 & II) Radiological diagnostic tests included an abdominal ultrasound, which was reported as showing normal liver, spleen, pancreas and pelvic organs. However, the left kidney was not outlined. A computerised tomography scan (CT) of the abdomen showed a non-enhancing oval shaped left suprarenal mass with calcification and an ipsilateral hypoplastic but functional left kidney. There was neither ascites nor significant abdominal lymph nodes. The conclusion was a suprarenal tumour-adenoma or adrenocortical carcinoma to exclude tuberculous adrenalitis. A CT brain scan was normal. In view of the CT abdominal findings suggestive of adrenal tuberculosis, and ESR 58mm/hr, she was commenced on anti-tuberculous drugs. Ten days after admission, she had nausea, vomiting, fever with chills and extreme lethargy. Cardiovascular examination showed a tachycardia, low volume pulse, BP 70/40 mmHg and blood film showed trophozoites of plasmodium falciparum. Blood cultures done thrice revealed no growth. She was managed with intravenous fluids (dextrose in saline), antimalarials, antibiotics and hydrocortisone. She made remarkable recovery and was maintained on oral prednisolone and fludrocortisone. Create a Nursing Care Plan focusing on the possible adverse effect of administering specific medication based on the case of the patient. You have review and read first the medication intended for this patient before you can proceed to the Nursing Care Plan.
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