A 48-year-old businessman, presents at the emergency room with a 12-day history of headache, myalgia, nausea, and vomiting. Patient history reveals that the patient is a consulting engineer for the tropical area. On his latest trip, he failed to take his prophylaxis for malaria. According to his general physician’s records, all his immunizations are up to date. His fever was 39°C at the time of initial examination, but alternated with periods of extreme cold and cyanosis. A complete blood count was ordered, along with parasite examination and urinalysis.

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Viral Infections

Viruses are abundantly found, minute entities that have genetic material enclosed within a protein coat. The proteinaceous material enclosing the genetic material of the virus is called a capsid. The genetic material could be either DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) or RNA (ribonucleic acid). A virus is too minute to be looked at with naked eyes and therefore visualized with the help of a microscope. They are acellular entities that require a host for processes, such as replication, transcription, translation and multiplication. Plants, animals, and bacteria act as host wherein the virus reproduce. Viruses cannot multiply outside the host's body and thus are considered nonliving outside the host body.