A 4-year-old child has numerous small, white scales covering the extensor surfaces of the extremities,trunk, and face (shown in the image). The child's mother and grandmother have the same condition.Microscopic examination of the skin lesion shows hyperkeratosis and a thin stratum granulosum. Whichof the following is the most likely pathogenesis of this disorder?Answers A-EA Antigen- induced release of mediatorsB Defective desquamation of keratinocytesC Dissolution of intercellular attachmentsD Excessive keratinocyte proliferationE UV light induced DNA damageOOOQuestion #43 attachmentCLOSE TOOLKIT

Ichthyosis vulgaris: Ichthyosis vulgaris is a genetic skin disorder that is characterized by dry,…

Answered: A 4-year-old child has numerous small,…

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter12: Body Defenses

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1ACR

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A 4-year-old child has numerous small, white scales covering the extensor surfaces of the extremities, trunk, and face (shown in the image). The child's mother and grandmother have the same condition. Microscopic examination of the skin lesion shows hyperkeratosis and a thin stratum granulosum. Which of the following is the most likely pathogenesis of this disorder? Answers A - E A Antigen-induced release of mediators B Defective desquamation of keratinocytes C Dissolution of intercellular attachments D Excessive keratinocyte proliferation E UV light induced DNA damage O O O O CLOSE TOOLKIT
Strep throat is commonly caused by group A Streptococcus bacteria. A common symptom of strep throat is the presence of swollen lymph nodes in the neck. This symptom usually peaks about 2–4 days after the onset of the infection, and is due to: Damage to the pharyngeal epithelium by the bacteria Release of bacterial PAMPs leading to inflammatory cytokine production Trapping and activation of antigen-specific lymphocytes in the lymph nodes of the neck Recruitment of neutrophils to the lymph nodes of the neck Recruitment of circulating macrophages to the lymph nodes of the neck
A 43-year-old man who recently started working in a wool processing factory presents with a pustule on his right forearm that developed 4 days ago. He says that he often forgets to wear his gloves while working. This morning he noticed that the pustule had ulcerated and turned black. A photograph of the lesion is shown. Which of the following is a characteristic of the most likely causative agent of this patient's skin lesion? Answers A - E A Anaerobic growth B Converts fibrinogen to fibrin C Establish latency in ganglia D Poly D-glutamate capsule E Production of blue-green pigment Question #27 attachment C
Histological examination of a patient's lymph node showed an absence of germinal centers but with intact primary follicles, and reduced cellularity of the parafollicular cortex. This pattern is most consistent with which type of immunodeficiency? Explain.
A patient develops a blood infection with a capsule-producing strain of E. coli. Phagocytosis by macrophage will be essential to destroy the bacteria and resolve the infection. Which of the following will be dirertly required to allow ADCC-opsonization of the encapsulated E. coli: O Toll-like receptor (TLR)-induced secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha O Release of C3a to the extracellular fluids O Presence of MHC II on the surface of the macrophage O Presence of IgG receptors (Fc-gamma-R) on the macrophage All of the answers apply
A 39-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. Treatment with multiple medications, including prednisone and methotrexate, has not been effective at slowing the progress of her condition. The most appropriate next step in pharmacotherapy is a drug that blocks the effects of which of the following cytokines? Entaracept : Fusion protein- decoy receptor A) Interferon gamma B) Interleukin-2 (IL-2) C) IL-4 D) IL-10 E) Tumor necrosis factor-a found
A 18 month-old child is found to have measles antibodies in his blood. Suggest 3 different ways how the child could have acquired such antibodies 2. Describe what usually happens in a phagocytic vesicle after a phagocyte has engulfed a bacterium (diagrams maybe used but not required):
Emil has fallen and scratched a wound on his knee. After a while, the knee swells and aches at the same time as it was pushing out of the wound. One week later, the wound has healed and the swelling is gone. Explain what happens in the comic strip below, from Figure 1-6. The following words should be used in the descriptive text; phagocytosis, pattern recognition receptors, pathogen associated molecular patterns, antigen presenting cell, migration, neutrophil, antigen, antibody, opsonization, MAC complex, mechanical barrier, microorganism, lymphatic vessel, memory T cell, helper T cell, B cell, memory B-cell, blood vessel, cardinal sign, lymph node, MHC, T-cell receptor, cell clone, complement, specificity, dendritic cell, macrophage, opsonin, plas
Can a mouse infected with Bacillus anthracis generate antibodies against the S-layer? How do you know? I need help finding the answer in the article and explain in short answer link to article: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC106848/
An 18-month old has been hospitalized several times because of severe recurrent infections with Candida chronic hypocalcemia, and failure to thrive . Flow cytomegalovirus shows a decreased number of peripheral blood lymphocytes reacting with fluoresceinated anti human IgGand decreased number of CD3+ T lymphocytes. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis. (A) AIDS. (B). Bruton X-linked agammaglobulinemia. (C) Chronic granulomatous disease. (D) Common Variable Hypogammaglobunemia.…
Draw a figure illustrating the sequence of events in a typical inflammatory response to a bacterial infection caused by injury to the skin (in 3 main stages). Include a note at top of figure: Is this an example of an innate response or adaptive immune response? Include the following structures/cells/chemicals: epidermis, dermis, splinter contaminated with bacteria puncturing skin, macrophages, mast cells, neutrophils, nitric oxide (as blue dots), endothelial cells lining capillary, red blood cells within capillary, histamine (as green dots). Under each stage, describe the events occurring in the 3 main stages: Stage 1: What do mast cells and endothelial cells produce in initial response to injury? What do the chemicals produced by the cells do? Stage 2: What happens to capillaries? What leaks out of capillaries to enter the site of the wound? Stage 3: What do neutrophils and macrophages do? What happens to capillaries at this point?
List 2 siutations which will trigger clonal anergy. Why could clonal anergy potentially be beneficial (useful)?

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